Repeated measurements analysis of variance when the correlations have a certain pattern

Consider a repeated measurements study in which a single observation is taken at each oft(t > 2) equally spaced time points for each ofn subjects. This paper uses a result of Box to find the appropriate multiplicative correction term for the degrees of freedom in the analysis of variance table for the case when there is equal variability per time point, and when the correlation between observationsu time units apart is equal to ^u . For large values oft, the multiplicative correction has a lower bound approximately equal to 2.5/(t – 1).Dr. Fleiss is also with the Biometrics Research Unit of the New York State Psychiatric Institute. This work was supported in part by grant DE 04068 from the National Institute of Dental Research.     

Behavioral analysis of clinical cases

The behavior-analytic approach to clinical phenomena is presented. An operationalized framework for conducting behavioral analysis with clinical cases is provided. Idiographic analysis and treatment innovation are conceptualized and conducted within the framework of the experimental method. Differences between technological and behavior-analytic approaches are illustrated.     

Imagery ability and the identification of hands: A chronometric analysis

In a replication of Cooper and Shepard's (1975) study of hand recognition, it was found that individual differences in imagery ability had a significant influence on reaction times to such stimuli (Experiment 1). However, it was found (Experiment 2) that individual difference effects were only seen if prior instructions to use imagery were given to the subjects.     

A short note on the estimation of the asymptotic covariance matrix for polychoric correlations

By using a Taylor expansion of the equations that define the two step estimator for polychoric correlations, the asymptotic covariance matrix for the estimated correlations can be derived in a simple and straightforward way.     

The asymptotic posterior normality of the latent trait for polytomous IRT models

Chang and Stout (1993) presented a derivation of the asymptotic posterior normality of the latent trait given examinee responses under nonrestrictive nonparametric assumptions for dichotomous IRT models. This paper presents an extention of their results to polytomous IRT models in a fairly straightforward manner. In addition, a global information function is defined, and the relationship between the global information function and the currently used information functions is discussed. An information index that combines both the global and local information is proposed for adaptive testing applications.This research was partially supported by Educational Testing Service Allocation Project No. 79424. The author wishes to thank Charles Davis, Xuming He, Frank Jenkins, Spence Swinton, William Stout, Ming-Mai Wang, and Zhiliang Ying for their helpful comments and discussions. The author particularly wishes to thank the Editor, Shizuhiko Nishisato, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their thoroughness and thoughtful suggestions.     

A note on the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of item parameter estimates in the rasch model

Lord and Wingersky have developed a method for computing the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of maximum likelihood estimates for item and person parameters under some restrictions on the estimates which are needed in order to fix the latent scale. The method is tedious, but can be simplified for the Rasch model when one is only interested in the item parameters. This is demonstrated here under a suitable restriction on the item parameter estimates.     

MIRT模型中多维能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响因素

多维项目反应理论因其模型本身的天然优势及其兼具因素分析与项目反应理论于一身的优点,而被广大研究者及应用者所重视.本研究在前人研究基础上,重点讨论MIRT多维能力及能力间相关矩阵的参数估计问题.研究采用Monte Carlo模拟方法进行,在三因素完全随机设计（4 ×3×3）下,使用MCMC算法,探讨测验维度数、维度间的相关大小和测验项目数三个因素对MIRT能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响.     

心理理论发展研究的一种新范式——矩阵博弈

心理理论指对他人心理状态的理解,是一种毕生发展的能力。但之前的研究在研究对象和研究内容上存在一些缺陷。本文介绍了一种新范式——矩阵博弈(matrix game),对利用其研究心理理论进行了可行性分析,同时指出了两者相结合的理论基础和实证证据。未来研究可利用矩阵博弈来研究更广年龄范围人群心理理论的发展轨迹,并借助fMRI等技术来测查矩阵博弈中心理理论推理的脑机制。     

The role of subjective theories for leadership evaluation

This study reviews prior construct-related validity research in assessment centres. Special focus is placed on disentangling possible explanations for the construct-related validity findings. The conclusion is that we now have a much better picture of the reasons behind the construct-related validity findings. Careful assessment centre design and high interrater reliability among assessors seem necessary albeit insufficient conditions to establish assessment centre construct-related validity. The nature of candidate performances is another key factor. This study next discusses how these empirical findings have changed how assessment centres are conceptualized (theoretical advancements framed in the application of trait activation theory), analysed (methodological advancements), and designed (practical advancements).     

微流控芯片技术与肿瘤微环境

微流控芯片或芯片实验室或微型全分析系统是在微机械、微电子、生物工程和纳米技术的基础上发展起来的.与传统的实验技术相比,微流控芯片技术以其微型化、集成化、自动化、快速分析、低消耗等优点,不仅在分析化学,物理和化学工程等领域中有出色的应用,近年来在生物工程和再生医学等方面的应用也崭露头角,尤其是微流控技术在肿瘤发生发展的时空微环境研究中发挥出巨大优势.本文就微流控芯片技术在肿瘤微环境中的研究优势进行阐述.