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931.
Taking a panoramic view on the history of modern philosophy, we can learn that political philosophy, a new arena for modern
philosophy, has become an important field in philosophical studies since the later half of the 20th century. As far as the
problem domain of political philosophy is concerned, political philosophy is only a special form of philosophy. The revival
of political philosophy, however, indicates that philosophical inspection of political matters has regained legitimacy, and
also means the restaging of philosophy as a knowledge type at modern times. In one sense, we can view the newly-revived political
philosophy as typical modern philosophy, because its problem domain, its unique angle of looking into the life world and its
ideal concern about the actual world make it one of the best ways in which we can reflect the existence of mankind in modern
times.
__________
Translated from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Studies), 2005 (6) by Teng Jianhui 相似文献
932.
In this paper, we discuss the problem of communist power in so called totalitarian regimes. Inspired by strategies of explanation
in contemporary science studies and by the ethnomethodological conception of social order, we suggest that the power of communists
is not to be taken as an unproblematic source of explanation; rather, we take this power as something that is itself in need
of being explained. We study personal narratives on political screenings that took place in Czechoslovakia in 1970 and analyze
how the power of communists obtained its strength from ordinary and “unremarkable” interactions between participants. The
screenings are interpreted, in the terms of Bruno Latour, as “trials of strength.” We show that it was crucial for all the
participants that associations, translations or mobilizations involved in making the regime real, remained partial and multiple,
and not exclusive and “total” as is often assumed within dominant discourses on totalitarianism. 相似文献
933.
Scott Jacobs 《Argumentation》2006,20(4):421-442
The traditional concepts of rhetorical strategy and argumentative fallacy cannot be readily reconciled. Doing so requires
escaping the following argument: All argumentation involves rhetorical strategies. All rhetorical strategies are violations
of logical or dialectical ideals. All violations of logical or dialectical ideals are fallacies. Normative pragmatics provides
a perspective in which rhetorical strategies can be seen to have the potential for constructive contributions to argumentation
and in which fallacies are not simply violations of ideals. One kind of constructive contribution, framing moves, is illustrated
with the case of Lyndon Johnson’s 1964 TV campaign commercial known as the Daisy ad. 相似文献
934.
胰岛移植是一种有望治愈糖尿病的方法,但胰岛进入体内后,由于排斥反应和其他刺激因素而使大量胰岛遭破坏,因此,减少胰岛破坏对保证移植成功非常重要。作为细胞移植物的胰岛非常适合在体外进行基因修饰,移植前对胰岛进行基因治疗以减轻局部免疫反应或增强胰岛细胞抗凋亡能力是一种极具吸引力的方法。基因转移载体及靶基因的选择是基因治疗中的关键策略。 相似文献
935.
Douglas S. Grant 《Learning and motivation》2006,37(3):209-229
Pigeons were trained in a matching task with either color (group color-first) or line (group line-first) samples. After asymmetrical training in which each group was initially trained with the same sample on all trials, marked retention asymmetries were obtained. In both groups, accuracy dropped precipitously on trials involving the initially trained sample and remained high on trials involving the sample introduced second in training, suggesting that asymmetrical training encouraged a single-code/default strategy in which only the sample trained initially was coded. Pigeons next received concurrent training with the alternate set of samples mapped to the same set of comparisons as were the first set of samples (many-to-one, MTO, procedure). Retention testing revealed no marked retention asymmetries in group line-first whereas marked retention asymmetries occurred with both sets of samples in group color-first. Hence, only birds in group color-first continued to use a single-code/default strategy after MTO training. 相似文献
936.
Political science has long relied on explicit responses in order to understand what and how people think. New research in the cognitive sciences suggests that this reliance on conscious considerations provides but a partial picture of how citizens think and reason. Given the limitations of conscious working memory and the growing evidence that much of human cognition occurs outside of awareness, the defining empirical assumption of modern public opinion research—that citizens can tell us what is on their minds—seems increasingly suspect. Moreover, social science is particularly challenged by the sensitivity of their topics, which in turn raises social and personal desirability concerns about self-report data. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose an implicit experimental approach. We contend that implicit measures enable us to measure some of the automatic and affective responses and predispositions that influence thoughts and behaviors outside of conscious awareness. 相似文献
937.
938.
Cynthia Moe‐Lobeda 《Dialog》2006,45(4):322-337
Abstract : A cacophony of religious voices seeking to influence public culture, opinion, and policy pervades the public discourse in the United States today. Some publicly‐oriented religious claims are appropriate while others are not. Sorely needed are criteria for making that distinction. This essay asks: What are criteria for appropriate and valid use of religious claims, language, and symbols in deliberation about public policy? What particular gifts do Lutheran traditions bring to shaping those criteria? The essay then draws upon Lutheran theological resources to propose theologically grounded criteria for appropriate and valid use of religious language, claims, and symbols in public discourse. 相似文献
939.
Ilias Papagiannopoulos 《Studies in East European Thought》2006,58(4):299-330
The notion of a constitutive lack, which formed the ambivalent initial framework of Western metaphysics, marks the contemporary
attempt to think anew the social and the subject. While metaphysics had difficulties to justify ontologically the event of
sociality and was tempted to construct a closed subjectivity, post-metaphysical thought by contrast justifies often the sociality
of a non-identity. The presuppositions of Orthodox-Christian theology allow us to think of subjectivity and sociality in terms
of a different ontology, elaborating a new synthesis between anthropology and eschatology, within which the subject can emerge
as radical sociality and natal receptivity, as free and true in its very relationality. The most profound and acute intellectual
demands of our present time could then meet central notions of the Orthodox-Christian heritage and point at the perspective
of a new historical encounter, which enriches both traditions by mutually engaging to each others fundamental experiences 相似文献
940.
Gian Vittorio Caprara Claudio Barbaranelli & Philip G. Zimbardo 《Political psychology》2002,23(1):77-95
Voters develop uniquely simplified perceptions of political candidates' personalities during election campaigns. In an earlier study, voters described their own personalities, and also those of celebrities, using the same five factors typical of the Big Five model of personality. In contrast, the appraisal of political candidates' personalities by voters in both Italy and the United States was reduced to only a few factors. The present research extends that exploration of the relationship between personality and politics to the public's perception of politicians' personalities across a wider variety of politicians and across a long time span after an election campaign. Two studies conducted in Italy, with more than 3,000 voters, replicated the earlier results: The factors of Energy and Agreeableness are primary anchors for evaluating politicians' personalities both during campaigns and for several years thereafter. Also uncovered were congruences between the ways that voters tend to present themselves (self-schemata) and the schemata they use to evaluate candidates representing their political preference. 相似文献