一般人格因素：虚妄的杜撰还是真实的存在

一般人格因素(General Factor of Personality, GFP)是人格层次结构中处于最高阶的单一因素。该因素被认为是最一般的非认知人格因素,且一般人格因素分数高的人在进化中具有更好的适应性。自2007年Musek 提出该概念之后,一般人格因素研究已成为人格研究领域的重大热点问题。本文简要回顾了一般人格因素概念的历史源流,全面地介绍了一般人格因素的统计测量学证据、行为遗传学证据和一般人格因素与其它心理学变量的相关证据,并对现有的质疑与回应进行了概述。目前的研究表明从不同理论框架设计的人格问卷都能够提取一般人格因素,来自行为遗传学的多数证据支持一般人格因素的存在,一般人格因素被证明与社会适应性指标相关。最后,提出了一般人格因素未来研究的几点展望。     

小学生社会技能家长评定量表编制与适用研究

研究旨在编制针对小学生社会技能的家长评定量表。有效样本1027名(男484名,女543名)。通过量表的编制、预测、修改和再测,确定了量表的3个层次,9个因素,量表的内在一致性信度为0.88,分半信度为0.76,量表总分与效标分数(同伴正提名分)相关显著(P<0.01)。量表编制发现:小学生社会技能在总体上存在性别和年级差异,女生显著高于男生,三年级显著低于二年级、五年级和六年级。     

用ROC评价AFP、VEGF和瘦素对HCC的诊断价值

用受试者工作特性曲线（ROC）对184例HCC患者和73例健康对照者的血清AFP、VEGF、Lep及三者联合检测结果进行评价。结果显示：AFP、VEGF、Lep测定结果在两组资料间比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。HCC患者的AFP、VEGF、Lep与三者联合检测在ROC曲线下面积分别为0．902、0．841、0．712和0．952。AFP、VEGF、Lep对HCC的临床诊断临界点分别为25ug／L、25lng／L和15ug／L。因此,AFP、VEGF、Lep三者联合检测可显著提高对HCC诊断的灵敏度和有效性,优于AFP、VEGF、Lep的单项检测。     

The Manifest Association Structure of the Single-Factor Model: Insights from Partial Correlations

The association structure between manifest variables arising from the single-factor model is investigated using partial correlations. The additional insights to the practitioner provided by partial correlations for detecting a single-factor model are discussed. The parameter space for the partial correlations is presented, as are the patterns of signs in a matrix containing the partial correlations that are not compatible with a single-factor model.     

The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): factorial structure, relations to global subjective memory ratings, and Swedish norms

The factorial structure of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith et al., 2000) was examined in a Swedish population based sample (N= 540, age range; 35-90 years). Concurrent validity was assessed by relating PRMQ to global ratings of memory. Confirmatory factor analyses of the PRMQ items indicated a superior fit of a three-factor model, with prospective and retrospective memory as orthogonal factors and episodic memory as a common factor. Furthermore, the PRMQ scales correlated with the global ratings of memory, suggesting that each rating contributed with unique variance in predicting PRMQ scores. Given differences in levels of complaints as compared with prior research (Crawford et al., 2003) norms for the Swedish version are provided. In conclusion, the present findings extend earlier work by providing additional support for the construct and concurrent validity of the PRMQ scales.     

RATS,We Should Have Used Clinton: Subliminal Priming in Political Campaigns

Political strategists decide daily how to market their candidates. Growing recognition of the importance of implicit processes (processes occurring outside of awareness) suggests limitations to focus groups and polling, which rely on conscious self‐report. Two experiments, inspired by national political campaigns, employed Internet‐presented subliminal primes to study evaluations of politicians. In Experiment 1, the subliminal word “RATS” increased negative ratings of an unknown politician. In Experiment 2, conducted during former California Governor Gray Davis's recall referendum, a subliminal photo of Clinton affected ratings of Davis, primarily among Independents. Results showed that subliminal stimuli can affect ratings of well‐known as well as unknown politicians. Further, subliminal studies can be conducted in a mass media outlet (the Internet) in real time and supplement voter self‐report, supporting the potential utility of implicit measures for campaign decision making.     

大学生使用BBS的心理因素研究

在理论分析基础上,构建了大学生使用BBS的心理因素及行为模型,并编制问卷,通过对137名大学生的问卷调查对该模型进行了验证.结果表明:1.使用BBS的行为意向和自我效能感对使用行为的预测作用极其显著.2.使用BBS的态度对行为意向有极显著的正向影响.3.使用BBS过程中体验到的实用性和积极感受对于态度有显著的正向影响,而在使用BBS过程中体验到的危害性对态度有负向影响.4.互联网自我效能感对使用BBS的自我效能感有极其显著的正向影响,但对使用BBS的态度无显著影响.5.使用BBS的自我效能感和控制感对使用行为的影响不显著.     

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3: a confirmatory factor analysis

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 measures awareness and endorsement of societal appearance standards. The instrument has been subjected to exploratory factor analyses but to date no studies have reported a priori tests of its hypothesized factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The aim of the present study was to subject the SATAQ-3 to a CFA. Results from a non-clinical convenience sample of 369 women revealed an adequate fit of the model according to conventional criteria. However, detailed residual analysis indicated a significant lack of fit which was explainable by one mis-specified item and shared method variance due to similarities in item content. It was concluded that, with the removal of the mis-specified item, the degree of misfit was tolerable and the intended four-factor solution provides a satisfactory and parsimonious representation of the data.     

大众印象中诸葛亮人格特征的心理传记学研究

本研究采用人格形容词评定法对诸葛亮的人格进行了定量研究。因素分析结果表明,诸葛亮在大众印象中主要表现出"忠义"、"沉稳"、"严谨"、"贤明"和"守信"五大人格特征,并通过对该评定结果与收集到的其他资料进行相互印证,从而全面描绘诸葛亮在大众印象中的人格特征。     

国外关于问题解决的研究及其教学意义

提高学生解决问题能力已经成为现代教育的一个重要目标。问题解决就是由一定情境引起的,按照一定的目标,应用各种认知活动、技能等,经过一系列思维操作,使问题得以解决的过程。本文综述了问题解决的过程模型,影响问题解决的心理因素,并寻找其教学意义,以期给当前我国教育与教学改革提供参考。