Empirically distinguishing interpersonal styles within romantic relationships: What is helpful or harmful when having a goal for your romantic partner?

IntroductionRelationship research rooted in self-determination theory often focuses on autonomy support. However, rarely is this interpersonal style considered alongside other facets of relational behaviours such as directive support and control.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to distinguish the three styles by providing a tool that can simultaneously assess them.MethodA total sample of 710 French Canadians involved in a romantic relationship was used for factor extraction and test of dimensionality as well as reliability. Predictive validity was tested using multiple linear regressions with six outcomes: well-being, relationship quality, closeness, goal progress, cooperation and conflicts.ResultsResults suggested three distinct interpersonal styles, each of which showing a different pattern of prediction with the outcomes. Overall, autonomy support was associated with positive outcomes, whereas control was associated with negative outcomes. As for directive support, the global pattern was between the two others.ConclusionThe present research offers a scale which simultaneously assesses and distinguishes the autonomy-supportive, directive-supportive and controlling styles in a romantic relationship context using three items each. By examining the associations between these three interpersonal styles and various outcomes four months later, this study sheds light on helpful and harmful behaviours in relation to the goals people have for their romantic partner.     

Using Force: Australian Newspaper Depictions of Contacts Between the Police and Persons Experiencing Mental Illness

The media creates and sustains knowledge about socially relevant issues such as crime, mental illness, and policing. Past research suggests that while the media portrayal of the police is undoubtedly complex, their portrayal of people experiencing mental illness remains mainly negative. The depiction of their encounters in the mass media is of considerable interest because of the influential role the media has on public opinion and debate; however, there is a lack of current research in this area. This study aimed to examine media items in the major newspapers across Australia between January 2006 and December 2007 (n = 77) to investigate their portrayal of this interface. The dominant themes encountered in the initial analysis depicted people experiencing mental illness as dangerous and a threat to the public, where the mental health system has failed to manage them adequately. Further analyses found that people experiencing mental illness were stigmatised in a third of the media items reviewed and were represented significantly more negatively in these encounters than the police. Implications of these findings and some suggestions regarding possible strategies that could improve socially responsible media reporting and public discourse on mental illness are proposed.     

The Performance of the AUDIT-C and the Examination of Risks Associated With Postdeployment Alcohol Misuse in Air Force Medical Service Personnel

This study assessed the performance of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) in diagnosing a postdeployment alcohol disorder in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 13,353). The prevalence of alcohol disorders in this population of previously deployed military healthcare personnel was 1.26% based on medical record data. Assessing the AUDIT-C as a screening tool, the following characteristics were found: sensitivity was 23.81%, specificity was 91.48%, positive predictive value was 3.44%, and negative predictive value was 98.95%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.80 and 0.83, respectively. Classification accuracy of the AUDIT-C was improved by accounting for officer status and female gender. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.69 for the multivariable model, indicating poor to fair classification accuracy. However, this model was significantly improved over the univariate model. Thus, taking rank and gender into account when conducting screening may improve the utility of the AUDIT-C.     

Multitasking as a Predictor of Pilot Performance: Validity Beyond Serial Single-Task Assessments

Although multitasking has been identified as an important competency for many jobs, standardized preemployment tests of multitasking are uncommon, and their validity beyond separate single-task assessments is unclear. To address this gap, this study compared the validity of a preemployment multitasking assessment (with math, memorization, and monitoring tasks presented concurrently) to an assessment in which the same constituent tasks were assessed separately. Among military pilot applicants, concurrent multitasking predicted both flying and academic performance, whereas serial single-task scores and their combination predicted only academic performance. Larger multitasking decrements (i.e., operationalized as the difference between single-task and multiple-task performance of the same constituent tasks) were associated with poorer flying performance. Results suggest the potential utility of multitasking assessments in selection for military jobs requiring competing, concurrent task demands.     

The Performance of the PHQ-2 and the Examination of Risks Associated With Postdeployment Depression in Air Force Medical Service Personnel

This study assessed the performance of the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) in identifying postdeployment depressive disorders in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 18,398). The prevalence of depressive disorders in the cohort was 9.00% based on medical record data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.56, indicating very poor classification accuracy. Sensitivity was 15.53%, specificity was 95.57%, positive predictive value was 25.75%, and negative predictive value was 91.97%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.51 and 0.88, respectively. Several risk factors associated with postdeployment depressive disorders were identified that could potentially improve screening in this population.     

无领导小组讨论的多侧面Rasch模型应用*

采用项目反应理论(IRT)的多侧面Rasch模型(MFRM),分析评价中心技术中无领导小组讨论(LGD)的测评结果,探讨被试能力水平、评委评分宽严度、评分内部一致性、维度难度和评定等级等问题,进而讨论各种偏差。通过 MFRM 分析人事测评结果,可深入了解被试能力的真实差异、甑别维度难度、探查测评误差源,从而完善测评试题编制、评估或诊断评委合格性、提高测评维度与测评目的匹配性,为拓展项目反应理论在人事测评中的应用提供独特视角。     

Making the Invisible Victims of Violence Against Women Visible Through University/Community Partnerships

Summary

The absence of scientifically credible information about the nature and extent of children exposed to abuse of their mothers is an impediment to effective intervention and prevention efforts. This article proposes a research agenda based upon guiding principles of a public health surveillance model. Three major principles are presented and applied to this social problem. Additionally, a concrete example of the application of these principles is drawn from an ongoing university/community partnership in Philadelphia.     

Assessing Violence Risk Among Female IPV Perpetrators: An Examination of the B-SAFER

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global problem and one in which frontline assessment and management falls primarily to police. Although IPV is often conceptualized as a male-perpetrated crime, evidence substantiates female IPV perpetration and increased arrest rates, raising important issues for police. This article examines police use of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER; Kropp, Hart, & Belfrage, 2005, 2010), a violence risk assessment tool for IPV. The B-SAFER was used to assess and manage 52 women arrested for IPV. When compared to Belfrage and Strand (2008), who examined men arrested for IPV in the same sample, women possessed fewer risk factors. Risk factors were related to summary risk judgments, although differences existed between genders and risk judgments were not related to management recommendations. Results suggest that risk factors, in addition to those in the B-SAFER, are required to assess risk for female IPV.     

关怀哲学视阈下的自杀防控探究

自杀问题是当下社会中存在的精神卫生症候之一,从关怀哲学的视角探究自杀防控理念的历史源流、现实境遇、临床困境与价值诉求,经由医患关怀的和谐转化,医务人员可以在防控自杀病人的进程中达到“关怀”与“防控”的知行统一,一方面为自杀病人提供文化关怀的防控脉相,另一方面为医护人员在自杀防控的实践运用层面提供参考.     

人事测评中的概化理论应用

概化理论是现代心理与教育测量理论之一,可应用在各种人事测评中,如表现性评价、多源评估、心理测验、结构化面试、水平测试、工作分析、评价中心等.与经典测量理论相比,概化理论应用于人事测评,表现出较强的优势,能够同时考察多种因素、确定多个维度权重等,其应用对象主要包括两大类,即企业和机构.概化理论应用于人事测评,存在应用领域、样本数据、测评效度和微观分析等问题.