Objective: Little is known about the affective implications of communicating negative information about medical tests. This research explored how affective processes – particularly the Affect Heuristic and cancer anxiety – influence the way in which people respond to such information.
Design: Participants received different types of information about PSA screening for prostate cancer and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for migraine headaches. This was a 2 (Test harm information: present vs. absent) × 2 (Test benefit information: present vs. absent) × 2 (Test recommendation: present vs. absent) between-participants design.
Outcome Measures: Perceived risk, perceived benefit and general attitudes towards PSA and MRI testing, cancer anxiety, preferences to receive the tests vs. not.
Results: As predicted by the Affect Heuristic, test harm information reduced perceived test benefits. However, information about uncertain test benefit did not increase perceived test risks. Information about the test reduced cancer anxiety, indicating defensive coping. These variables – affect, anxiety, perceived risks and benefits – all uniquely predicted test preferences.
Conclusion: Affective processes play an important role in how people respond to and interpret negative information about medical tests. Information about harms and information about the lack of benefit can both make a test seem less beneficial, and will reduce cancer anxiety as a result. 相似文献
Various U.S. laws, such as the Clean Air Act and the Food Quality Protection Act, require additional protections for susceptible subpopulations who face greater environmental health risks. The main ethical rationale for providing these protections is to ensure that environmental health risks are distributed fairly. In this article, we (1) consider how several influential theories of justice deal with issues related to the distribution of environmental health risks; (2) show that these theories often fail to provide specific guidance concerning policy choices; and (3) argue that an approach to public decision making known as accountability for reasonableness can complement theories of justice in establishing acceptable environmental health risks for the general population and susceptible subpopulations. Since accountability for reasonableness focuses on the fairness of the decision-making process, not the outcome, it does not guarantee that susceptible subpopulations will receive a maximum level of protection, regardless of costs or other morally relevant considerations. 相似文献
A quality of life studies perspective has guided the design and implementation of research on kinship care as a placement
resource within the child protection system in Catalonia (Spain). This research was carried out gathering the points of view
of the three main stakeholders: kinship caregivers, children who are placed in extended family and practitioners of the EAIAs
(Childhood and Adolescence Interdisciplinary Care Teams). Satisfaction involved in kinship care has been explored. In this
article the main stakeholders’ satisfaction with kinship care is presented, and on the other hand, children’s satisfaction
with life as a whole and with five specific domains in life is analysed: Education received from their caregiver, their school,
their friends, their time enjoyment and their health. As expected, practitioners show the lowest evaluations with this kind
of service. Surprisingly, evaluations by children referred to kinship care and to education received by caregivers are higher
than those in the normative population aged 12–16 in relation to their own natural family. The findings show implications
for practice and they imply challenges for quality-of-life research. 相似文献
在基因科技的革命性发展过程中,整体社会似乎未能提供一个充分保障研究参与者与科学研究之完整性的机制。以台湾面临基因检测之挑战的经验为例,探讨了伦理、法律与社会意涵(Ethical,Legal and Social Implications,ELSI)研究如何完善规范体制的实务应用需求,并兼顾人权团体所期待的妥善保护研究参与者。 相似文献