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41.
Patrick McDonald 《Zygon》2008,43(3):605-625
The development of a methodologically naturalistic approach to physiological and experimental psychology in the nineteenth century was not primarily driven by a naturalistic agenda. The work of R. Hermann Lotze and G. T. Fechner help to illustrate this claim. I examine a selected set of central commitments in each thinkers philosophical outlook, particularly regarding the human soul and the nature of God, that departed strongly from a reductionist materialism. Yet, each contributed significantly to the formation of experimental and physiological psychology. Their work was influenced substantively by their respective philosophical commitments. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the merits of their specific proposals, Fechner's psychophysics and Lotze's local sign hypothesis respectively, did not depend upon sharing their metaphysical views regarding the human soul or the nature of God. A moderate, but significant, distinction between the contexts of discovery and of justification aids in understanding this balancing act. 相似文献
42.
Patrícia Arriaga Francisco Esteves Paula Carneiro Maria Benedicta Monteiro 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(2):146-158
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of violent computer games on state hostility, state anxiety and arousal. Participants were undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 25 years. Before the experimental sessions, participants filled in self‐report measures concerning their video game habits and were also pre‐tested for aggressiveness and trait anxiety. Physiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were measured during the experiment. After playing, information about state hostility and state anxiety was collected. The results showed that participants who played the violent game reported significantly higher state hostility, and support the assumption that an aggressive personality moderates the effect of playing a violent game on state hostility. Aggr. Behav. 32:146–158. 2006 © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
43.
Patrícia Arriaga Francisco Esteves Paula Carneiro Maria Benedicta Monteiro 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(4):358-371
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of violent computer games on state hostility, state anxiety and arousal. Participants were undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 25 years old. Before the experimental sessions, participants filled in self‐report measures concerning their video game habits and were also pre‐tested for aggressiveness and trait anxiety. Physiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were measured during the experiment. After playing, information about state hostility and state anxiety was collected. The results showed that participants who played the violent game reported significantly higher state hostility and support the assumption that an aggressive personality moderates the effect of playing a violent game on state hostility. Aggr. Behav. 32:358–371. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
44.
45.
Ruth Feldman 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(6):340-345
ABSTRACT— Synchrony—a construct used across multiple fields to denote the temporal relationship between events—has been applied to the study of mother–infant interaction and is suggested here as a framework for the study of interpersonal relationships. Defined as the temporal coordination of micro-level social behavior, parent–infant synchrony is charted in its development across infancy from the initial consolidation of biological rhythms during pregnancy to the emergence of symbolic exchange between parent and child. Synchrony is shown to depend on physiological mechanisms supporting bond formation in mammals—particularly physiological oscillators and neuroendocrine systems such as those involving the hormone oxytocin. Developmental outcomes of the synchrony experience are observed in the domains of self-regulation, symbol use, and the capacity for empathy across childhood and adolescence. Specific disruptions to the parameters of synchrony that may be observed in various pathological conditions, such as prematurity or maternal affective disorder, are detailed. A time-based, micro-analytic behavioral approach to the study of human relationship may offer new insights on intersubjectivity across the lifespan. 相似文献
46.
Strømsvik N Nordin K Berglund G Engebretsen LF Hansson MG Gjengedal E 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(1):105-117
This qualitative study explores how 29 Swedish patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) experience living
with the condition, appraisal of the clinical follow-up program, and surveys their future expectations. The aim of this study
is to build knowledge about this patient group in order to provide optimal care. The participants describe physical, psychological,
and social limitations in their daily activities and how these limitations influence quality of life. Our findings indicate
that a majority of patients have adjusted to their situation, describing themselves as being healthy despite physical symptoms
and treatment. The participants received decent care in the clinical follow-up program, - however, greater effort should be
put into patient information. These patients might benefit from genetic counseling. Health professionals involved should recognize
their potential impact and influence on a patient’s ability to adjust to these circumstances. Antonovsky`s Sense of Coherence
theory is used to discuss these findings. 相似文献
47.
Siglen E Bjorvatn C Engebretsen LF Berglund G Natvig GK 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):607-615
This study examines the association between Sense of Coherence and anxiety and depression amongst patients at risk of hereditary
cancer receiving genetic counseling. When writing this article, 144 patients referred for genetic counseling due to a suspicion
of hereditary cancer in the family were recruited for this multicentered longitudinal study on the psychosocial aspects of
genetic counseling in Norway. A total of 96 (66%) patients responded to the follow-up survey distributed 6 months after genetic
counseling. This survey included the Sense of Coherence-29 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale. Multiple regression analyses were applied. Our results show association between cancer-related distress and symptoms
of anxiety and depression. Sense of Coherence is significantly associated with both anxiety and depression. The hypothesis
of Sense of Coherence buffering cancer-related distress and the possible impact of these findings for genetic counseling are
discussed. 相似文献
48.
Sarah M. Shuwairi 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,104(1):115-123
Can infants use interposition and line junction cues to infer three-dimensional (3D) structure? Previous work has shown that in a task that required 4-month-olds to discriminate between static two-dimensional (2D) pictures of possible and impossible cubes, infants exhibited a spontaneous preference for displays of the impossible cube but left open the question of whether they did so on the basis of purely local “critical regions” or whether they were able to employ more global clues. Here infants were presented with possible and impossible cubes in which the strictly local cues that could have derived from exterior binding contours were deleted. Results showed that infants were still able to discriminate possible cubes from impossible cubes, suggesting that longer looking infants are sensitive to global properties and that the capacity to integrate pictorial information to perceive aspects of global 3D shape may develop earlier than demonstrated previously using reaching tasks. 相似文献
49.
This study examined the recall of televised stories for younger (4-6 years) and older (7-9 years) children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under two different viewing conditions (toys present/toys absent). Each child watched two Rugrats television programs, once with toys present and once with toys absent. Immediately after viewing a program, the child completed a free recall of the observed story. Comparison children's recall increased more than ADHD children's as importance level increased, and comparison children recalled more information overall than children with ADHD. When toys were present, children with ADHD retold less coherent stories than comparison children, as indexed by smaller correlations between the story units recalled and the order of these units in the story. In summary, children with ADHD demonstrated multiple difficulties in story comprehension. These findings add to our understanding of the differences in higher-order cognitive processing abilities between children with ADHD and comparison children, and suggest important areas of focus in designing more effective academic interventions for children with ADHD. 相似文献
50.
正负性情绪的自主生理反应实验研究 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
随机抽取24名大学生(男女各半)观看了两段内容不同的录像片段,对观看录像时的主观体验和心率(HR)、指端脉搏容积(FPV)的变化情况做了研究。结果表明:①实验选用的两段录像分别诱发出了正性和负性情绪.②不同情绪下的自主生理反应是不同的。正性情绪下,HR变化不显著,FPV显著下降;负性情绪下,HR显著增加,FPV显著下降。③不同情绪下的生理反应恢复速度没有差异,但不同生理指标的恢复速度有差异,HR的恢复速度比FPV的快.④正性情绪下,HR和FPV之间的相关很低;负情情绪下。两种生理指标之间里显著的负相关.⑤性别只对生理指标的基础值有影响。 相似文献