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141.
Oana Alexandra Gavita Daniel David Raymond DiGiuseppe 《The Journal of general psychology》2014,141(2):113-129
Although parent cognitions are considered important predictors that determine specific emotional reactions and parental practices, models on the cognitive strategies for regulating parental distress or positive emotions are not well developed. Our aim was to investigate the nature of cognitions involved in parental distress and satisfaction, in terms of their specificity (parental or general) and their processing levels (inferential or evaluative cognitions). We hypothesized that parent's specific evaluative cognitions will mediate the impact of more general and inferential cognitive structures on their affective reactions. We used bootstrapping procedures in order to test the mediation models proposed. Results obtained show indeed that rather specific evaluative parental cognitions are mediating the relationship between general cognitions and parental distress. In terms of the cognitive processing levels, it seems that when parents hold both low self-efficacy and parental negative global evaluations for the self/child, this adds significantly to their distress. 相似文献
142.
Vocational Concerns of Elementary Teachers: Stress,Job Satisfaction,and Occupational Commitment 下载免费PDF全文
Christopher J. McCarthy Richard G. Lambert Jenson Reiser 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2014,51(2):59-74
This study examines the vocational concerns of 185 elementary teachers. Participants were classified based on their perceptions of the magnitude of their classroom demands and resources. These groupings were then examined for differences in teachers' personal coping resources, job satisfaction, and occupational commitment. Results indicated that teachers classified as perceiving high classroom demand vis‐à‐vis classroom resources reported lower personal coping resources, less job satisfaction, and more plans to leave their current job. 相似文献
143.
Robert Hoskin Mike D. Hunter Peter W. R. Woodruff 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2014,105(4):524-546
Both psychological stress and predictive signals relating to expected sensory input are believed to influence perception, an influence which, when disrupted, may contribute to the generation of auditory hallucinations. The effect of stress and semantic expectation on auditory perception was therefore examined in healthy participants using an auditory signal detection task requiring the detection of speech from within white noise. Trait anxiety was found to predict the extent to which stress influenced response bias, resulting in more anxious participants adopting a more liberal criterion, and therefore experiencing more false positives, when under stress. While semantic expectation was found to increase sensitivity, its presence also generated a shift in response bias towards reporting a signal, suggesting that the erroneous perception of speech became more likely. These findings provide a potential cognitive mechanism that may explain the impact of stress on hallucination‐proneness, by suggesting that stress has the tendency to alter response bias in highly anxious individuals. These results also provide support for the idea that top‐down processes such as those relating to semantic expectation may contribute to the generation of auditory hallucinations. 相似文献
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146.
Pierre Victor Rousseau Jacques Francotte Maria Fabbricatore Caroline Frischen Delphine Duchateau Marie Perin Jean-Marie Gauthier Willy Lahaye 《Infant behavior & development》2014
Objective
To describe an immobility reaction (IR) that was not previously reported at or immediately after birth in human newborns.Method
We analyzed 31 videos of normal term vaginal deliveries recorded from Time 0 of birth defined as the as the moment that lies between the birth of the thorax and the pelvis of the infant. We searched for perinatal factors associated with newborn's IR.Results
IR at birth was observed in 8 of the 31 newborns. The main features of their behavior were immobilization, frozen face, shallow breathing and bradycardia. One of the 8 newborns had sudden collapse 2 h after birth. We found significant relationships between maternal prenatal stress (PS) and IR (p = .037), and a close to significant one between infants’ lividness at Time 0 and IR (p = .053). The first breath of the 31 newborns occurred before and was not associated with the first cry (p < .001).Discussion
The main features of IR at birth are similar to those of the universal most severe response to severe stress or danger. The relationship with PS suggests that children who had IR at birth might be at risk for similar disorders as those associated with PS. Sudden neonatal collapse of one of the IR newborns needs further research to determine if they are at risk for sudden infant death syndrome.Conclusion
This first report of an IR reaction at birth in human infants could open up new paths for improving early neonatal care. Further research is needed for maternal PS, stress hormones, umbilical cord blood pH measurements in IR newborns. The challenge of education and support for parents of IR newborns is outlined. 相似文献147.
Non-work related presenteeism refers to the behaviour of employees who engage in personal activities instead of work-related activities whilst at work. Currently, limited research exists concerning non-work related presenteeism, despite the suggestion that it can financially impact organisations more than absenteeism. The aim of the present study was to examine whether any significant relationships existed between non-work related presenteeism and four theoretically linked psychological variables: emotional intelligence (EI), job stress, boredom, and procrastination. Data was collected via an online questionnaire. A sample of 57 male and 127 female full-time employees across several industries and organisations completed the surveys. As hypothesised, a significant relationship was observed between non-work related presenteeism and EI (r = −0.25), boredom (r = 0.33) and procrastination (r = 0.26). Self-reported levels of job stress, however, were not significantly related to non-work related presenteeism. These results suggest that developing EI and improving job-related engagement may decrease non-work presenteeism. 相似文献
148.
BDNF serum levels in subjects developing or not post-traumatic stress disorder after trauma exposure
Francesco Angelucci Valerio Ricci Francesca Gelfo Giovanni Martinotti Marcella Brunetti Gianna Sepede Maria Signorelli Eugenio Aguglia Mauro Pettorruso Federica Vellante Massimo Di Giannantonio Carlo Caltagirone 《Brain and cognition》2014
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome resulting from exposure to a severe traumatic event that poses threatened death or injury and produces intense fear and helplessness. The neural structures implicated in PTSD development belong to the limbic system, an important region for emotional processing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that serves as survival factor for selected populations of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and plays a role in the limbic system by regulating synaptic plasticity, memory processes and behavior. Impaired BDNF production in the brain can lead to a variety of CNS dysfunctions including symptoms associated with PTSD. However, so far fewer studies have investigated this neurotrophin in patients with PTSD. Furthermore, given the multiple role of BDNF in various CNS disorders, it cannot be excluded that traumatic events per se may influence neurotrophin levels, without a direct association to the PTSD syndrome. 相似文献
149.
著名的医学家、哲学家Hippocrates在公元前4世纪就指出:医生的责任仅在于促进疾病的自然康复过程,而非阻拦这个过程.患者得以治愈的根据是患者自身存在的康复能力;医生首先必须清楚:自己所治疗的对象是人,是有生命的、有思想的、活在社会上的人,而不是被修理的物件.医生能够做到的只是为患者创造或提供一定的有利于康复的条件.20世纪50年代,前苏联骨科专家Ilizarov发现了张力-应力法则,并因此创造出的牵拉再生、自然重建技术,正是很好地诠释了Hippocrates的思想. 相似文献
150.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Chinese rural children and adolescents were examined after the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Analysis showed that three factors were identified, namely, avoidance, intrusion, and arousal, resembling those in the studies with Western samples. Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms were not significant. Moderate negative correlation coefficients between posttraumatic stress symptom scores and mental health scores were found, indicating that the more severe the posttraumatic stress symptoms, the worse the person's mental health. 相似文献