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211.
We report three studies in which methodologies from psychophysics are adapted to investigate context effects on individual financial decision‐making under risk. The aim was to determine how the range and the rank of the options offered as saving amounts and levels of investment risk influence people's decisions about these variables. In the range manipulation, participants were presented with either a full range of choice options or a limited subset, while in the rank manipulation they were presented with a skewed set of feasible options. The results showed that choices are affected by the position of each option in the range and the rank of presented options, which suggests that judgments and choices are relative. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
212.
该研究采用问卷法,以481名中学生为被试,通过无约束结构方程模型分析方法探讨了外向性、宜人性人格特征与互联网服务偏好的交互作用对网络成瘾的影响。研究发现在对网络成瘾的影响上,青少年宜人性人格特征与互联网社交服务偏好存在显著的交互作用,但与互联网娱乐、信息和交易服务偏好的交互作用不显著。外向性人格特征与互联服务偏好不存在显著的交互作用。(1)从平均影响来看,外向性、宜人性、互联网社交、娱乐和交易使用偏好能够正向预测网络成瘾,互联网信息使用偏好对网络成瘾没有显著的预测效果;(2)在宜人性高分组中,互联网社交服务偏好与PIU的正向关系要强于宜人性低分组。斜率检验表明对于低宜人性人格的青少年来说,互联网社交服务偏好不易导致其成瘾,而对高宜人性人格的青少年而言,互联网社交服务偏好反而容易导致其成瘾。 相似文献
213.
214.
Ann Streissguth 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):81-101
Before alcohol was generally known to cause birth defects, NIAAA in 1974 began funding a population-based Seattle study on
alcohol use and pregnancy outcome. Women receiving prenatal care by mid-pregnancy were recruited (N = 1,529) and interviewed at home. Approximately 500 offspring exposed to a range of alcohol levels were examined on 11 occasions
between day 1 and 25 years. Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral performance measures are correlated with prenatal alcohol
dose, without substantial confounding by socio-demographic or rearing conditions, smoking, nutrition, or other drugs. Deficits
in attention, arithmetic skill, spatial-visual memory, and IQ, as well as increased alcohol problems and psychiatric disorders
are among offspring outcomes correlated at several ages with maternal drinking during and before pregnancy recognition. Findings
are not confined to women who believed they had alcohol problems. Not all exposed offspring appear affected. 相似文献
215.
Effects of classroom context on university students’ judgments about cheating: mediating and moderating processes 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Tamera Burton Murdock Angela D. Miller Amy Goetzinger 《Social Psychology of Education》2007,10(2):141-169
Hypothetical vignettes were used to examine the effects of classroom context variables (pedagogical quality and classroom
goal structure) on undergraduate (study 1) and graduate (study 2) students’ judgments about cheating. Consistent with attribution
theory and previous findings, poor (versus good) pedagogy and performance (versus mastery) goals structures resulted in more
teacher blame and less student blame for cheating, and cheating was rated as more acceptable and more likely in these situations.
Participants’ own prior cheating history but not their experience as a classroom teacher also affected these judgments. Relations
between classroom context variables and assigned blame for cheating were mediated by students’ assessments of the fairness
of the classroom situation. 相似文献
216.
本研究通过前测-训练-后测的实验程序,对22名五年级小学生和29名大学一年级学生在不同测查条件下知觉英语辅音/s/和/θ/的可塑性情况进行了考察和比较。两个年龄阶段被试在前后测中均接受纯听、视听一致、视听不一致和纯视条件下的测查,训练时两个年龄阶段被试中分别有一半接受纯听训练,另一半接受视听训练,训练时间历时10天,每天30分钟左右。对训练效果的分析发现:(1)接受纯听和视听训练的五年级学生在纯视测查条件下知觉英语辅音/s/和/θ/的提高率有显著差异,视听训练被试显著高于纯听训练被试,在其他条件下没有显著差异;(2)接受两种训练的大学生在所有条件下知觉英语辅音/s/和/θ/的提高率都没有显著差异。说明儿童表现出了更强的视听双通道语音知觉的可塑性。 相似文献
217.
Upon hearing an ambiguous speech sound dubbed onto lipread speech, listeners adjust their phonetic categories in accordance with the lipread information (recalibration) that tells what the phoneme should be. Here we used sine wave speech (SWS) to show that this tuning effect occurs if the SWS sounds are perceived as speech, but not if the sounds are perceived as non-speech. In contrast, selective speech adaptation occurred irrespective of whether listeners were in speech or non-speech mode. These results provide new evidence for the distinction between a speech and non-speech processing mode, and they demonstrate that different mechanisms underlie recalibration and selective speech adaptation. 相似文献
218.
219.
The effects of saccadic bilateral (horizontal) eye movements on memory for a visual event narrative were investigated. In the study phase, participants were exposed to a set of pictures accompanied by a verbal commentary describing the events depicted in the pictures. Next, the participants were asked either misleading or control questions about the depicted event and were then asked to engage in 30s of bilateral vs. vertical vs. no eye movements. Finally, recognition memory was tested using the remember-know procedure. It was found that bilateral eye movements increased true memory for the event, increased recollection, and decreased the magnitude of the misinformation effect. The findings are discussed in terms of source monitoring, dual-process theories of memory and the potential neural foundations of such effects. 相似文献
220.
This article examines efficiency issues pertaining to social marketing messages about behavior enactment (e.g., smoker) vs. non-enactment (e.g., nonsmoker). Building on a wealth of psycholinguistics research, we posit that underlying differences in the processing and storage of word concepts with affixal negations affect learning and memory for these concepts (i.e., associations with non-enactment concepts will be harder to learn and remember than associations with enactment concepts). Two experiments support our predictions, suggesting that messages about enactment will demonstrate superior efficiency. Implications of study findings are discussed in terms of possibilities for improving the efficiency of social marketing messages about non-enactment. 相似文献