乳腺癌术式的演变及其最佳选择

乳腺癌作为女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,一直是肿瘤学界研究的热点和焦点。手术作为其基本的治疗手段,术式几经改变。通过对乳腺癌术式演变的历史回顾,认为正是由于对乳腺癌生物学行为研究的不断深入,使得乳腺癌手术切除范围更趋于规范和科学。而由生物医学模式向生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变,以及循证医学(EBM)研究的开展,更促进了乳腺癌术式的不断改进,以最大程度减少并发症,获得更为满意的疗效。     

关于脑器官库建立的哲学思考

脑器官库是进行神经科学研究物质基础,是联系临床医生和神经科学家的重要纽带。其资料库的内容,即捐献者的生前因素（年龄、性别、节律与季节变化。药物史和濒死状态）和死后因素（死后延搁时间及组织的固定和储存方式）对实验结果所产生的影响,不仅在神经科学研究中具有重要作用,而且为脑科学研究提供了一些值得思考的哲学问题。     

浅谈病理尸检的思维方法

尸体剖验是病理学研究的主要方法之一.为了准确而全面地作出尸检诊断,必须遵循科学的思维方法,即重视分析生前临床材料,密切关注结构和功能间的变化联系,以发展运动的观点分析尸检所见,无疑是值得倡导的思维方法.     

Doxological Extended Cognition

Many Christian theologians have proposed a universal knowledge of God implanted in all humans. Thomas Aquinas famously stated that all humans have some knowledge of God, confused though it may be. John Calvin developed this proposition in much more detail and concluded that there is a cognitive faculty in humans, the sensus divinitatis, committed to giving the cognizer knowledge of God. Independent of such theological concerns, a current movement in cognitive science proposes a radical change to the traditional boundaries drawn around the human mind. Proponents of mental extension, such as Andy Clark, argue that the mind extends well beyond the body and should be approached in a much broader conceptual analysis. This essay arises from the conviction that the Extended Mind (EM) framework offers new insights into developing a cognitive understanding of the sensus divinitatis. Drawing in equal parts on current arguments for mental extension and the sensus divinitatis, the essay establishes the compatibility between the two arguments and indicates how an integration of the two can yield significant benefits for both mental extension and the sensus divinitatis: the basing of the sensus divinitatis in a specific cognitive theory that offers explanations of its functions, and the introduction of theism to the EM argument as a potentially useful component in a collaborative cognitive science effort.     

African Philosophy and the Universalist Thesis

This article examines the contention, frequently defended by contemporary African philosophers, that philosophy is universal. Examples of the thesis are cited; various interpretations of its meaning are analyzed; and arguments against it by other African philosophers are presented. The article argues that the universalist thesis, however interpreted, contributes nothing to African philosophy and should be abandoned.     

缺血再灌注损伤的保护——预处理到后处理的哲学思考

缺血预处理定减轻缺血再灌注损伤的有效措施,是事物矛盾性的具体体现。缺血预处理把矛盾两个对立面统一起来,将损伤（缺血）转化为战胜损伤（减轻缺血再灌注损伤）的有效手段,同时缺血预处理也是外因和内因两者作用的辩证统一。缺血后处理是近年发现的能减轻缺血再灌注损伤的有效措施,在缺血后处理中亦体现了矛盾的对立统一规律及外因和内因两者相互作用的辩证统一规律。     

脑卒中诊治观念转变的思考

脑卒中是一种常见病,伴有较高的病死率和致残率。近年来脑卒中诊治方面取得了不少进展,许多有关脑卒中的诊治的观念发生了巨大的转变,如卒中后血压的控制,高血压脑出血的止血治疗,急性脑梗死的溶栓治疗,卒中单元以及卒中的预防等方面。从这些转变中渗透着许多哲学观点,如否定之否定规律,科学假说与理论之间的关系,系统论的应用等。运用哲学的观点认识脑卒中的诊断治疗的转变,对日后的临床和科研有着一定的指导意义。     

医学实验设计的几点思考

通过分析医学实验设计中常见的问题,思考其原因,提出了解决这些问题的初浅体会:针对研究主题,全面考量研究环节;重视知识积累,合理预知"未知"的结果;对他人和自己的研究行不间断反思;在研究活动持有客观的态度。     

肝癌经皮无水酒精注射治疗存在的问题与思考

B超引导下经皮肝内肿瘤穿刺无水酒精注射是治疗原发性肝癌的一种新颖、有效、安全的方法,但存在多次B超引导穿刺、癌灶内酒精弥散不均和酒精浓度难以维持等问题,本文用哲学的方法就此进行分析,提出采用经皮穿刺导管置入术,可避免上述问题,并可实施其他治疗。