医生与药业的关系：利益冲突重要根源

药业与医生的关系在最近40年日益受到医学界与社会的重视。药业以并不昂贵的馈赠及其他手段,资助学术交流、医学教育和医学研究,深刻地影响着临床医生的行为和诊治决策,从而危及医学的科学性和医学职业精神,加重了病人的负担,且祸及病人健康。药业与医生的这种关系,是道德与金钱关系的赤裸表现,是资本对医学的无情侵略。从道德、法律、行业管理等诸多方面正确规范行业与医生的相互关系,避免当前面临的种种弊端,维护医学的科学性,保护病人与社会公众的利益,刻不容缓。     

Agricultural Research in Romania: Rival Institutional Dependencies on Private Companies

In Romania, agricultural researchers are enlisted to promote the agrochemical industry and large-scale intensive agriculture. This role can be made intelligible through notion of a scientific field, highlighting rivalries between the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the University sector. The former has lost its public funding but maintains its responsibilities within bodies devising and leading agricultural policy. The latter gives primacy to peer recognition and integration within international networks, but lacks co-financing required for being effectively included in international research projects. Each academic institution tries to devalue the rival's strong points and gain recognition for the superior value of its own assets. The funding provided by the private agrochemical industry adapts to the scientific field's structure: leading multinational firms take advantage of rivalries between academic institutions and fuel them at the same time. They consolidate current orientation taken by members of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, especially when seeking their support for authorization for seeds and plant-protection products. Industry funds also create new rewards for University staff, emphasizing international connections but disconnecting them from purely academic achievements. Meanwhile Romanian agronomists tend to defend the type of agriculture promising the most significant business opportunities for the agrochemical industry. Thus, it uses institutional rivalries for its agenda, though without directly influencing the direction of research.     

医生与药业的关系:利益冲突重要根源

药业与医生的关系在最近40年日益受到医学界与社会的重视。药业以并不昂贵的馈赠及其他手段,资助学术交流、医学教育和医学研究,深刻地影响着临床医生的行为和诊治决策,从而危及医学的科学性和医学职业精神,加重了病人的负担,且祸及病人健康。药业与医生的这种关系,是道德与金钱关系的赤裸表现,是资本对医学的无情侵略。从道德、法律、行业管理等诸多方面正确规范行业与医生的相互关系,避免当前面临的种种弊端,维护医学的科学性,保护病人与社会公众的利益,刻不容缓。     

叙事医学在社区糖尿病患者管理中的应用

通过阐述叙事医学模式在社区糖尿病患者管理中的应用,探讨了叙事医学应用于社区糖尿病患者管理的模式及意义,并分析了该模式现有的不足,如患者缺乏认可度、药师叙事能力不足、患者随访困难等。认为药师在患者管理中引入叙事医学模式,有助于发现患者潜在用药风险,为患者提供个性化用药服务,提高其生存质量,同时提高药师人文素养,实现自我价值。以此模式作为社区药学人文建设的切入点,拓展叙事医学的临床领域。

     

道家药匮理论在《圣济总录》中的转型与利用

药匮早期是指道家炼丹时所用的容器及辅料,有内外匮之分,后世医家借鉴道家药匮思想发挥到药物炮制中,内匮运用偏于炮制药物辅料之性,外匮则兼有辅料及容器的双重特性。通过归纳分析《圣济总录》中外匮和内匮的具体应用,研究后世医家运用道家药匮思想在中药炮制上的反映,进一步阐释药匮在药物炮制中发挥的具体作用。探讨药匮思想的起源与发展,深入挖掘药匮应用与道家炼丹之间的关系,剖析后世医家运用药匮的历史沿革及药性理论的发展,探索医家在药匮思想上的继承与创新,对临床中药炮制的发展和应用具有借鉴指导意义。

     

企业社会责任视角下“制造疾病”现象的成因及对策研究

制药企业除应履行一般企业的社会责任外,因其产品的特殊性还应以“安全、健康”为首要职责,并通过协调自身“福利性”与“盈利性”实现可持续发展。企业参与和影响新的疾病定义和标准制定的主要原因是缺失社会责任意识,盲目追求短期经济利益。此外,制定主体不明确,制定流程不规范;法制体系仍不完备,监督体系不够健全等也是导致“制造疾病”现象发生的潜在原因。因此,应采取加强制药企业社会责任意识建设;规范疾病定义和标准制定主体和流程;完善“制造疾病”法律法规和监督体系等措施减少“制造疾病”现象的发生。

     

服务业员工个人-组织匹配对组织公民行为的影响：有调节的中介模型

根据社会交换理论和人与情境互动理论,研究探讨了个人-组织匹配对员工组织公民行为的影响机制。通过对12家餐饮连锁店225位员工进行的问卷调查,结果表明：个人-组织匹配正向预测组织公民行为,员工工作敬业度在两者关系中起中介作用;此外,分别作为情境因素和个体因素的主管支持、员工主动性人格对个人-组织匹配与组织公民行为之间的关系具有调节作用。主管支持的程度越高,个人-组织匹配与组织公民行为的正向关系更强;而对于高主动性人格的员工,个人-组织匹配与组织公民行为之间的正向关系反而更弱。     

The Ethics of Pharma–Physician Relations in Pakistan: “When in Rome”

This article investigates the pervasive influence of the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan and primarily the attitudes of the medical community toward such interactions. We used an inductive approach informed by grounded theory principles to analyze interviews and focus groups with consultants, residents, medical students, and a pharmaceutical industry representative in Karachi and Lahore (n = 27), and participant-observation data from two biomedical conferences. Data were then analyzed through a deontological and teleological ethical theoretical framework. Findings highlight the reasons leading to the continuation of norms including weak regulations, physicians’ expectations of receiving favors, and limited exposure to bioethics education. Recommendations for practice, policy, and research are discussed.     

Strategic hybrid approach for selecting suppliers of high‐density polyethylene

Supplier selection is an important process for companies in the plastic sector due to its influence on firm performance and competitiveness. For a proper selection, a number of criteria from different aspects need to be considered by decision makers. Yet, as in different fields, because there are numerous criteria and alternatives to be considered in the plastic industry, choosing an appropriate multicriteria decision‐making approach has become a critical step for selecting suppliers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to define the most suitable supplier of high‐density polyethylene through the integration of powerful multicriteria decision‐making methods. For this purpose, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is initially applied to define initial weights of factors and subfactors under uncertainty, followed by the use of decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate interrelations between the elements of the hierarchy. Then, after combining FAHP and DEMATEL to calculate the final contributions of both factors and subfactors on the basis of interdependence, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution is used to assess the supplier alternatives. In addition, this paper also explores the differences between the judgments of decision makers for both AHP and DEMATEL methods. To do these, a case study is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

近视激光手术治疗几个问题的探讨

近视眼是目前全球发生率最高的屈光不正,我国的近视准分子激光手术水平已与世界先进水平同步,并处于快速、稳健的发展中。依据辩证法正确评价近视激光手术的优缺点,遵循系统论的整体性、最优化、动态化和模型化的基本原则,可以进一步提高激光手术治疗的视觉质量,促进近视激光手术治疗的健康发展。