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381.
382.
Theo van Willigenburg 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2000,3(4):385-404
Though the art of compromise, i.e. of settling differences by mutual concessions, is part of communal living on any level, we often think that there is something wrong in compromise, especially in cases where moral convictions are involved. A first reason for distrusting compromises on moral matters refers to the idea of integrity, understood in the basic sense of 'standing for something', especially standing for the values and causes that to some extent confer identity. The second reason points out the objective nature of moral values, which seems to make them immune from negotiation and barter. If one sincerely holds some moral conviction to be true, than compromising on that belief must be a sign of serious confusion.In order to reach a better understanding of these two reasons, I analyse what is involved in personal integrity and how this relates to moral integrity. I argue that the search for moral integrity naturally brings us to the question of how one could accept moral compromises and still uphold the idea that moral values and principles have an objective authority over us. To address this question I will present a version of moral pluralism which tries to capture the enormous complexity of what should matter to us as moral persons, and which explains why value-rankings are often deeply indeterminate. The general position I defend in this paper is that compromises involving moral values and norms may be morally required and, therefore, be laudable. To sustain this position I will arrive at a view of ethical objectivity that allows the possibility to negotiate about the truth of moral beliefs. 相似文献
383.
西季威克认为功利主义与利己主义是同样合理的,留下了实践理性二重性的难题。帕菲特分别从时间中立性与人格同一性两个角度对利己主义展开批判,力图消除实践理性二重性,但帕菲特的批判却面临着一些困难。文章认为,解决实践理性二重性的关键不是要证明利己主义是完全错误的,而是要创建正义的社会制度、辩证地处理好个人利益与普遍利益的关系。 相似文献
384.
385.
刑释人员人身危险性的测评研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
我们对上海市1994年至1999年所释放的全部约1万5千名上海籍刑释人员进行了详细调查,从中筛选出与重新犯罪有显著相关关系的因素编制成《刑释人员个体人身危险性测评量表》,用多元回归分析方法预测刑释人员在获释后2年内的重新犯罪情况,经检验,其准确率为92%。 相似文献
386.
Miretta Prezza Emanuela Zampatti Maria G. Pacilli Annalisa Paoliello 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(4):315-332
This research focused on territorial sense of community and ethnic prejudice. In particular, we related these two constructs and investigated their relationship to individual characteristics (personal political orientation, contact with immigrants, etc.) and community‐level ones (such as ethnic composition and the political orientation of the local government). Two studies were conducted in four small towns in central and southern Italy. For each study, 160 people were contacted. The instruments used were a questionnaire, the Italian Sense of Community Scale and the Blatant Prejudice Scale. The results showed that territorial sense of community is not related to ethnic prejudice or to the ethnic heterogeneity of the territory. It was also found that people with right‐wing political sympathies revealed higher levels of prejudice than people with left‐wing sympathies. Finally, in a town with a stable and consolidated left‐wing orientation of the local government we found, when the influence of personal political orientation was controlled for, lower levels of prejudice than in a town with a right‐wing orientation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
387.
The present study was designed to analyze gender stereotypes in print advertisements for mobile communication systems in German popular magazines intended for men, women, and general readership. Depictions of both women and men are addressed. A total of 288 depictions were examined using Goffman’s (Gender advertisements, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979) framework for content analysis. Other variables studied were the setting in which men and women are depicted and the different types of magazines in which the advertisements appeared. It is shown that certain means of emphasizing stereotypes (such as Feminine Touch) are still widely used, at least in mobile phone advertising, whereas others have decreased in frequency since Goffman’s time (for example, Function Ranking). 相似文献
388.
This study sought to establish the relevance of mothers’ epistemic beliefs to their parenting style and preferred academic
goals for their child. College mothers (N = 163) from primarily working class families completed a variety of self-report measures including a modified version of
Schommer’s [(1990). Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 498–504] Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, the Parental Attitudes Questionnaire-Revised [Reitman, Rhode, Hupp, & Altobello
(2002). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(2), 119–127], and several goal orientation scales. Results indicated that a view of learning as effortful and under the
learner’s control and a view of knowledge as actively constructed were associated with an authoritative parenting style and
with a preference for their child to focus on learning, improvement, and effort in approaching academic tasks. By contrast,
a view of learning as quick, straightforward, relatively passive and as based in innate constraints and a view of knowledge
as consisting of discreet, unambiguous facts were associated with authoritarian and permissive styles and the adoption of
performance goals for one’s child.
Portions of this study were presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development in Atlanta, April,
2005. 相似文献
389.
The present 2-wave study among 258 secondary school teachers investigates the relationship between personal and organizational
resources on the one hand, and work-related flow on the other hand. On the basis of Hobfoll’s (1988) conservation of resources
theory, Bandura’ social cognitive theory (1997; 2001), and Fredrickson’s (1998) “broaden-and-build” theory of positive emotions,
we formulated two hypotheses: (1) personal resources (i.e., self-efficacy beliefs) and organizational resources (including
social support climate and clear goals) facilitate work-related flow (work absorption, work enjoyment, and intrinsic work
motivation); and (2) work-related flow has a positive influence on personal and organizational resources. The results of a
series of structural equation modeling analyses offer clear support for both hypotheses. The theoretical and practical implications
of these findings are discussed.
*This research was supported by a grant from the Bancaixa Foundation (#11232.01/1) and the Spanish Ministry of Science & Technology
(CICYT #SEC2000-1031). 相似文献
390.
护士工作应激与倦怠的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
依据Maslach等的理论构想,利用中式工作倦怠量表和工作应激问卷,通过对175名护士的调查,考察工作应激与倦怠之间的关系。结果表明,奖赏不足和价值观冲突对耗竭具有显著的预测作用;工作负荷、缺乏控制和共同体瓦解对人格解体具有显著的预测作用;共同体瓦解对成就感降低具有显著的预测作用。 相似文献