Perspectives of a Pastoral Counselor

No abstract available for this article.     

Emotional intelligence (EI), conflict resolution patterns,and relationship satisfaction: Actor and partner effects revisited

This study tested for actor and partner effects in the relationship between ability-based EI and adaptive marital relationships and satisfaction employing a standard dyadic design involving 100 young heterosexual couples. Participants were assessed on the MSCEIT along with measures of conflict resolution patterns and perceived marital satisfaction. A series of path analyses provided support for actor effects—but not partner effects—in the association of EI, assessed as ability, and marital variables. Overall, the data provide only partial support for the common claim and some prior research suggesting that EI plays a pivotal role in marital relationships.     

La construcción situacional en la ingesta alcohólica

RESUMEN

En la primera parte de este artículo se elabora un modelo de “construcción situacional de ingesta alcohólica”; en la segunda parte se aplica este modelo al estudio de la influencia de la publicidad sobre la ingesta alcohólica. El presupuesto básico de esta investigación era que mientras el sistema perceptivo es diferentemente afectado por los estados momentáneos, los estados experimentales o la propaganda sufrida, la estructura abstracta reflejada por la taxonomía situacional es escasamente afectada por la influencia de las variables experimentales, en este caso, por la propaganda alcohólica recibida. Los resultados encontrados manifiestan que la construcción de las situaciones de ingesta alcohólica está, al menos, modelada por los factores publicitarios, y que esta influencia es mayor cuanto menos es la edad de quien recibe la información.     

The personal life of the behavior analyst

The human species faces crises of critical proportions. Excessive population, global warming, and the anticipated descent from peak fossil-fuel extraction promise to change our future in far-reaching ways. Operant conditioning prepares the individual for a world similar to the selecting past, but our world is changing more rapidly than our adaptation. As individuals, we cannot make substantial changes in the world at large because we do not control enough reinforcers, but we can turn to the sources of our personal behavior and manipulate them. We will need help. Better organized social networks and the self-management techniques they support can promote immediate changes in consumption at home, work, and moving about in our personal worlds. Surprisingly, consuming less can lead to more satisfying and happier lives, but a better understanding of reinforcement contingencies is necessary. We can recover the strengthening effects of personal daily accomplishments that are eroded when conditioned generalized reinforcers intervene. When we get our own personal lives in order we can reduce our carbon footprints, restore the connections between our behavior and its strengthening effects, and become models worthy of imitation.     

Psychodynamic therapists' dilemmas in providing personal therapy to therapists in training: An exploratory study

Aim: This study explores dilemmas facing psychodynamic therapists who provide personal therapy to therapists in training. Method: Eight experienced psychodynamic psychotherapists were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview format during which they were asked about the importance of personal therapy, if they encountered any dilemmas and, if so, how they resolved those dilemmas. Their responses were analysed using a qualitative form of content analysis. Findings: Two categories of dilemma emerged: clinical and personal. Clinical dilemmas arose out of the mandatory requirement for therapy, boundaries, fitness to practice and the suitability of trainees. Personal dilemmas included pressure to model, sense of responsibility, therapeutic narcissism, countertransference reactions, over‐use of self and stressful involvement. The therapists' strategies for resolving the dilemmas are described. Conclusion: The results show participants considered personal therapy to be essential for trainees and thought it should be mandatory even though it led to difficulties in the therapy. Questions arose about the suitability of some trainees, the person of the therapist and stressful involvement. Further research into these important areas is recommended.     

How did compulsory personal therapy during counselling training influence personal and professional development?

Aim: This study explored the influence of personal therapy on professional and personal development in a qualitative investigation. Method: Six semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings: All participants recognised the important influence of personal therapy on personal growth. Influences on personal development were experienced in the physical, cognitive, emotional and spiritual worlds of participants. It was felt that skills, a better understanding of therapeutic relationships, and general support, enhanced professional development. Conclusion: In combination this can lead to an increase in self‐awareness and thus a more effective professionalism in counsellors.     

个人奋斗及相关研究综述

个人奋斗作为个人中层目标中最有代表性的一种,是一种特定的、与情境目标有关的人格意向结构,是个体通常努力去做的事情,是个体通过其行为试图达到的目标。文章主要介绍个人奋斗的概念特征及其测量,论述其与幸福感、人格特质等的关系,并梳理国内外进行的相关研究,简要评述研究者在这些方面所进行的研究工作,在此基础上提出自己的问题和想法。     

How trainees develop an initial theory of practice: A process model of tentative identifications

Aim: The increasing importance of integrative practice highlights the need to explore how trainees develop their theoretical stance. This investigation explored the experiences of trainees to elaborate a model of how they developed their personal theories of practice. Method: Seventeen Masters level trainee counsellors kept weekly journals recording how they developed a working theory of practice. Grounded theory analysis of the journals was used to develop a model of the process. Findings: The resulting Process Model of Tentative Identifications illustrates how a personal theory developed through trainees' tentative identifications with theories of practice, and how factors such as reading, personal philosophy, practice, and supervision interact to produce the identifications. A diagram of the model highlights the relationships among a variety of personal and professional factors that ranged from highly abstract to concrete and practice-based. Discussion: The model is consistent with several factors identified in previous research and highlights how trainees develop working theories of practice.     

Spirituality and Cardiovascular Risk

This study extended current research linking spirituality to health by investigating the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic spirituality and cardiovascular risk factors. Participants included 111 healthy males and females, ages 28 to 63. Measurements consisted of the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire (LAQ), a version of Kelly's Repertory Grid, hematological analysis, and blood pressure. A greater sense of spirituality was associated with lower cholesterol risk ratios (total cholesterol/HDL) and triglyceride levels. In addition, the structural or organizational characteristics of intrinsic spirituality were associated with several other hematological measures. Further research will help clarify the association between mechanisms underlying spirituality and health, including susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders.