Parents As Teachers:

A follow-up mail survey of the continuing use of behavior modification procedures was conducted with 30 families who had participated in a training program for parents of preschool children with autism four to seven years previously. According to their reports 86% of the parents had used behavioral procedures during the past week to manage their child's behavior and 54% said they used the techniques to teach their child a new skill. More than half of the parties said they no longer used “formal” behavior modification procedures including data collection. Mothers were more likely to use formal behavior modification than father and systematic paternal use of behavioral techniques was linked to maternal use- only one father used the techniques including data collection when his wife did not. Retrospective parental evaluations of the parent training workshop were all positive, although the parents who viewed their children as doing better gave stronger endorsements than the parents who say their children as more limited.     

Parents May Hold the Keys to Success in Immersion Treatment of Adolescent Obesity

This study examined the potential impact of parents on the long-term results of an immersion program for the treatment of adolescent obesity. Teenagers participated in a 4- to 8-week therapeutic camp. Those who continued losing weight 8- to 12-months postcamp were identified as “Losers”; those who regained weight were considered “Gainers.” Parents from both groups were interviewed about their own current lifestyle habits 1 to 1.5 years after camp ended. Results indicate that more of the initially overweight parents from the Loser group lost weight during the follow-up period than the overweight parents of Gainers. Losers' parents also reported better implementation of several aspects of the weight control program. The present results suggest that helping parents adopt lifestyle changes for themselves, even within the context of relatively short immersion treatments, may maximize outcomes for obese teenagers.     

Family Stress and Adjustment as Perceived by Parents of Children with Autism or Down Syndrome: Implications for Intervention

ABSTRACT

This study examined stress and adjustment in parents of three groups of families: those with an autistic child, those with a Down syndrome child, and those with only developmentally normal children. A total of 54 families participated, with 18 representing each group. Parents of autistic children generally reported more family stress and adjustment problems than parents of children with Down Syndrome who, in turn, reported more stress and adjustment problems than parents of developmentally normal children. Although parents of disabled children reported more stress associated with caring for their child, they generally showed resilience in adjusting to the presence of a severely disabled family member. Implications for family intervention are discussed.     

Contextual Intervention for Caregiver Non-Adherence With Behavioral Intervention Plans

The extent to which parents and other caregivers implement behavioral interventions with integrity has an important impact on treatment effectiveness. This article considers popular interventions that train caregivers and improve treatment integrity in applied behavior analysis. After considering these interventions a contextual approach is described, whereby the function of caregiver non-adherence is considered. In particular, interventions aimed at manipulating setting factors are reviewed. The examples of respite and social support groups are provided as function-based interventions to improve caregiver adherence to behavioral recommendations. Implications for more contextual, coordinated, and comprehensive function-based behavioral services are provided.     

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Inpatient Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Adolescents With Anxious-Depressed School Absenteeism: A Within-Subject Comparison of Changes

The effects of inpatient treatment, including manual-guided cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), were examined for 36 adolescents (12–18 years) with chronic school absenteeism and mental health problems. Using a within-subject control group design, no changes were noted during the untreated waiting period, whereas there was a strong, statistically significant reduction in school absence rates and mental health problems from the start to the end of inpatient treatment. At discharge, 88.9% of adolescents attended school regularly or were employed (86.1 and 63.9% at 2- and 9-months follow-up, respectively). Self- and parent-reported mental health problems were significantly reduced during treatment and remained stable during follow-up.     

The Red Road to Wellness: Cultural Reclamation in a Native First Nations Community Treatment Center

This article explores how Native American cultural practices were incorporated into the therapeutic activities of a community-controlled substance abuse treatment center on a "First Nations" reserve in the Canadian north. Analysis of open-ended interviews with nineteen staff and clients-as contextualized by participant observation, program records, and existing ethnographic resources-yielded insights concerning local therapeutic practice with outpatients and other community members. Specifically, program staff adopted and promoted a diverse array of both western and Aboriginal approaches that were formally integrated with reference to the Aboriginal symbol of the medicine wheel. Although incorporations of indigenous culture marked Lodge programs as distinctively Aboriginal in character, the subtle but profound influence of western "therapy culture" was centrally evident in healing activities as well. Nuanced explication of these activities illustrated four contributions of cultural analysis for community psychology.     

浅谈认知行为治疗在肥胖治疗中的研究与应用

肥胖的治疗方法多种多样,各自具有不同的针对性和疗效特点,如何选择是一个最佳的治疗方案这是一个富有争议的话题。近年来,在肥胖心理学研究成果的基础上,发展了一系列的认知行为治疗方法,也开始应用于肥胖的治疗之中。不少追踪研究表明,该方法对于肥胖的长期疗效较佳,表现出广泛的应用前景。     

膀胱癌与尿流改道治疗策略

膀胱肿瘤是我国泌尿外科最常见的肿瘤,其中尿路上皮占95％。浸润性膀胱癌生物学行为高度恶性,治疗的主要方法是根治性膀胱切除术加盆腔淋巴结清扫术加尿流改道术。其被认为是标准的治疗方法。由于全膀胱切除术及尿流改道术常给患者带来生活质量的下降及精神上的压力,使患者很难接受这种手术。本文着重分析了患者的个体化治疗,应用辩证思维方...     

对低危前列腺癌治疗策略的再认识及思考

前列腺癌被认为是老年男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。近年来,PSA筛查技术的广泛使用提高了前列腺癌的检出率。但许多低危的非致命性的前列腺癌患者却承受着过度治疗所带来的毒副反应风险。作者就当前用于减少低危前列腺癌过度治疗的新策略进行描述,如观察等待和主动监测策略,并指出癌症的过度治疗是很普遍的现象。未来需要发展更多的对恶性肿瘤进...     

肿瘤诊治相关肾损伤的防治决策

肿瘤患者在诊治过程中可能会引起肾脏损伤,如造影剂、化疗和靶向药物的使用等等。如何平衡肿瘤患者在诊治过程中的疗效及安全性,使患者能够接受并完成治疗,延长患者无进展生存和总生存,是肿瘤学界所面临的挑战。