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61.
他人的注视线索可诱导观察者将注意自动地转移到该线索所指示的方向上去(注视追随), 但仍不清楚注视方向的知觉在注视追随中起到何种作用。本研究结合注视适应和注视线索提示范式发现:知觉到的注视线索角度越大, 其线索提示效应越强; 知觉适应后被试判断注视方向的准确性下降, 注视线索引起的注意转移量显著减少。可见, 对注视方向的知觉能直接影响注视追随行为, 而注视方向抽取受到刺激显著性(注视角度)和知觉适应等因素的调节。这提示:在意识状态下, 注视知觉与注视追随存在直接联系, 即可能存在从注视知觉系统到注意转移系统的皮层加工通路; 注视追随并非纯粹的反射式加工, 它受自上而下知觉经验的调节。 相似文献
62.
This study examined self-recognition processing in both the auditory and visual modalities by determining how comparable hearing a recording of one’s own voice was to seeing photograph of one’s own face. We also investigated whether the simultaneous presentation of auditory and visual self-stimuli would either facilitate or inhibit self-identification. Ninety-one participants completed reaction-time tasks of self-recognition when presented with their own faces, own voices, and combinations of the two. Reaction time and errors made when responding with both the right and left hand were recorded to determine if there were lateralization effects on these tasks. Our findings showed that visual self-recognition for facial photographs appears to be superior to auditory self-recognition for voice recordings. Furthermore, a combined presentation of one’s own face and voice appeared to inhibit rather than facilitate self-recognition and there was a left-hand advantage for reaction time on the combined-presentation tasks. 相似文献
63.
心理理论是对他人心理状态进行推论的能力。考察心理理论的经典范式是错误信念任务, 而青少年和成人在这种任务上可能出现天花板效应。为了测量青少年和成人的心理理论, Valerie E. Stone和她的合作者设计了失言识别任务。征求了Stone意见, 对失言识别任务的提出、构成、使用进行了介绍, 说明了该任务相对于经典范式的优势; 与此同时, 分析了失言识别任务范式存在的一些问题, 比如其效度指标问题, 与言语能力的分离问题, 失言识别任务与执行功能之间的分离等。未来研究可以尝试编制失言识别任务的本土化的量表, 并利用其探讨年长个体心理理论水平发展变化的规律。 相似文献
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This study explores the effect of individuation training on the acquisition of race-specific expertise. First, we investigated whether practice individuating other-race faces yields improvement in perceptual discrimination for novel faces of that race. Second, we asked whether there was similar improvement for novel faces of a different race for which participants received equal practice, but in an orthogonal task that did not require individuation. Caucasian participants were trained to individuate faces of one race (African American or Hispanic) and to make difficult eye-luminance judgments on faces of the other race. By equating these tasks we are able to rule out raw experience, visual attention, or performance/success-induced positivity as the critical factors that produce race-specific improvements. These results indicate that individuation practice is one mechanism through which cognitive, perceptual, and/or social processes promote growth of the own-race face recognition advantage. 相似文献
66.
This study investigated the face inversion effect in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Face stimuli consisted of ten black-and-white examples of unfamiliar rhesus monkey faces, brown capuchin faces, and human
faces. Two non-face categories included ten examples of automobiles and abstract shapes. All stimuli were presented in a sequential
matching-to-sample format using an automated joystick-testing paradigm. Subjects performed significantly better on upright
than on inverted presentations of automobiles, rhesus monkey and capuchin faces, but not human faces or abstract shapes. These
results are inconsistent with data from humans and chimpanzees that show the inversion effect only for categories of stimuli
for which subjects have developed expertise. The inversion effect in rhesus monkeys does not appear to be face-specific, and
should therefore not be used as a marker of specialized face processing in this species.
Received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted after revision: 9 May 1999 相似文献
67.
汉字识别中部件的频率效应 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
用整字识别、整合识别和部件识别任务探讨部件频率在汉字显示识别中的作用.实验一发现第一部件频率促进低频两部件合体字识别;实验二先后呈现合体字两组成部件并识别整字,第二部件频率有干扰作用;实验三识别合体字中的部件,部件频率有易化作用.部件在汉字识别中的易化和干扰作用受整字频率和结构类型的影响. 相似文献
68.
Richard A. Lynch 《Human Studies》2008,31(2):209-221
This article brings out certain philosophical difficulties in Lacan’s account of the mirror stage, the initial moment of the
subject’s development. For Lacan, the “original organization of the forms of the ego” is “precipitated” in an infant’s self-recognition
in a mirror image; this event is explicitly prior to any social interactions. A Hegelian objection to the Lacanian account
argues that social interaction and recognition of others by infants are necessary prerequisites for infants’ capacity to recognize
themselves in a mirror image. Thus mutual recognition with another, rather than self-recognition in a mirror, is what makes
possible subsequent ego-formation and self-consciousness. This intersubjective critique suggests that many of the psychoanalytic
consequences that Lacan derives from the mirror stage (e.g., alienation, narcissism, and aggressivity) may need to be rethought.
相似文献
Richard A. LynchEmail: |
69.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种心理状况的谱系障碍,其症状是社交及沟通上的广泛性异常、异常局限性的兴趣和高度重复性的刻板行为。包括自闭症、亚斯伯格症候群和待分类的广泛性发展障碍3类。研究主要以事件相关电位和功能性磁共振成像两种技术为线索,通过深入分析ASD患者在面孔识别认知过程中脑的异常变化,探讨其面孔识别障碍的神经机制问题。研究表明,ASD患者面孔识别能力的损伤主要与N170、N300、P400和Nc等ERPs成份异常及梭状回面孔区和杏仁核的低激活有关。研究推论ASD患者面孔识别障碍是多个异常脑区联合作用的结果,且主要受异常脑区的数量和损伤程度的影响。 相似文献
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