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171.
This study investigated the face inversion effect in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Face stimuli consisted of ten black-and-white examples of unfamiliar rhesus monkey faces, brown capuchin faces, and human
faces. Two non-face categories included ten examples of automobiles and abstract shapes. All stimuli were presented in a sequential
matching-to-sample format using an automated joystick-testing paradigm. Subjects performed significantly better on upright
than on inverted presentations of automobiles, rhesus monkey and capuchin faces, but not human faces or abstract shapes. These
results are inconsistent with data from humans and chimpanzees that show the inversion effect only for categories of stimuli
for which subjects have developed expertise. The inversion effect in rhesus monkeys does not appear to be face-specific, and
should therefore not be used as a marker of specialized face processing in this species.
Received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted after revision: 9 May 1999 相似文献
172.
Richard A. Lynch 《Human Studies》2008,31(2):209-221
This article brings out certain philosophical difficulties in Lacan’s account of the mirror stage, the initial moment of the
subject’s development. For Lacan, the “original organization of the forms of the ego” is “precipitated” in an infant’s self-recognition
in a mirror image; this event is explicitly prior to any social interactions. A Hegelian objection to the Lacanian account
argues that social interaction and recognition of others by infants are necessary prerequisites for infants’ capacity to recognize
themselves in a mirror image. Thus mutual recognition with another, rather than self-recognition in a mirror, is what makes
possible subsequent ego-formation and self-consciousness. This intersubjective critique suggests that many of the psychoanalytic
consequences that Lacan derives from the mirror stage (e.g., alienation, narcissism, and aggressivity) may need to be rethought.
相似文献
Richard A. LynchEmail: |
173.
类属性思维(stereotypes)在一定的程度上是对群体区别正确反映的类属信仰.类属性思维比我们一般假想的更为复杂.首先,我们在本论文中探讨了在立体性的类属性思维EPA理论框架之下的多维度,即类属性思维的三维度:评估、激活和准确度.同时还特别讨论了类属性思维与具体集体共识的表征特点的图腾信仰之间的密切关系.其次,对于作为人类信仰一部分的类属性思维准确性莫衷一是的研究,我们进行了全面综述,并且本文还仔细考查文化类属性思维,个体类属性思维,个体与群体的判断,准确性评判的标准,和原分析的数据等等,同时进一步表明类属性思维和客观现实性有密不可分的关系.最后,我们指出类属性思维对解释群体和民族的区别非常重要,特别是人的感知的实质性寓于实在的客观群体本身(“感知的同一性”).我们认为,类属性思维的过程,对于高度的实体性和感知的实质性的群体来说,具有深刻影响,况且群体或部落(民族)的图腾也是其群体或民族的实体性的外在表现.尽管我们不可能解决同类属性思维的过程有关的所有争论,但我们所强调的观点是:类属性思维是人类相互影响和生存的有效类属性识别. 相似文献
174.
175.
We tested the hypothesis that “good feelings”—the central element of subjective well-being—are associated with interdependence and interpersonal engagement of the self in Japan, but with independence and interpersonal disengagement of the self in the United States. Japanese and American college students (total N = 913) reported how frequently they experienced various emotional states in daily life. In support of the hypothesis, the reported frequency of general positive emotions (e.g. calm, elated) was most closely associated with the reported frequency of interpersonally engaged positive emotions (e.g. friendly feelings) in Japan, but with the reported frequency of interpersonally disengaged positive emotions (e.g. pride) in the United States. Further, for Americans the reported frequency of experience was considerably higher for positive emotions than for negative emotions, but for Japanese it was higher for engaged emotions than for disengaged emotions. Implications for cultural constructions of emotion in general and subjective well-being in particular are discussed. 相似文献
176.
Karin de Boer 《International Journal of Philosophical Studies》2013,21(4):534-558
AbstractThis article challenges Honneth’s reading of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right in The Pathologies of Individual Freedom: Hegel’s Social Theory (2001/2010). Focusing on Hegel’s method, I argue that this text hardly offers support for the theory of mutual recognition that Honneth purports to derive from it. After critically considering Honneth’s interpretation of Hegel’s account of the family and civil society, I argue that Hegel’s text does not warrant Honneth’s tacit identification of mutual recognition with symmetrical instances of mutual recognition, let alone his subsequent projection of symmetrical forms of mutual recognition onto the various spheres of the Philosophy of Right as a whole. I conclude by indicating an alternative way in which Hegel’s text might be used to understand contemporary society. 相似文献
177.
178.
汉字识别中部件的频率效应 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
用整字识别、整合识别和部件识别任务探讨部件频率在汉字显示识别中的作用.实验一发现第一部件频率促进低频两部件合体字识别;实验二先后呈现合体字两组成部件并识别整字,第二部件频率有干扰作用;实验三识别合体字中的部件,部件频率有易化作用.部件在汉字识别中的易化和干扰作用受整字频率和结构类型的影响. 相似文献
179.
心理理论是对他人心理状态进行推论的能力。考察心理理论的经典范式是错误信念任务, 而青少年和成人在这种任务上可能出现天花板效应。为了测量青少年和成人的心理理论, Valerie E. Stone和她的合作者设计了失言识别任务。征求了Stone意见, 对失言识别任务的提出、构成、使用进行了介绍, 说明了该任务相对于经典范式的优势; 与此同时, 分析了失言识别任务范式存在的一些问题, 比如其效度指标问题, 与言语能力的分离问题, 失言识别任务与执行功能之间的分离等。未来研究可以尝试编制失言识别任务的本土化的量表, 并利用其探讨年长个体心理理论水平发展变化的规律。 相似文献
180.