Parental Anxiety Disorders, Child Anxiety Disorders, and the Perceived Parent–Child Relationship in an Australian High-Risk Sample

This study was designed to explore the role of perceived parenting behavior in the relationship between parent and offspring anxiety disorders in a high-risk sample of adolescents. We examined the relationship between parental and child anxiety disorders and tested whether perceived parenting behavior acted as a mediator between these variables. Analyses were performed on a high-risk sample of 816 fifteen-year-olds drawn from a birth cohort in Queensland, Australia. Parental depression and income were covaried. Maternal anxiety disorder significantly predicted the presence of anxiety disorders in children; the association between paternal anxiety disorder and child anxiety disorder was not significant. There was no evidence that perceived parenting played a mediating role in the association between mother and child anxiety disorders. These results replicate earlier studies' findings of elevated rates of anxiety disorders among the offspring of anxious parents, but only when the child's mother is the anxious parent.     

残疾人大学生领悟社会支持对主观幸福感的影响:自我同情的中介作用

探讨残疾人大学生领悟社会支持、自我同情与主观幸福感的关系。采用领悟社会支持量表、幸福感指数量表、大学生自我同情量表对普通高等特殊教育学校206名在校残疾人大学生进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)残疾人大学生领悟社会支持与自我同情存在显著正相关,与主观幸福感存在显著正相关; 自我同情与主观幸福感存在显著正相关。(2)残疾人大学生领悟社会支持不能直接预测主观幸福感,但通过自我同情的中介作用间接预测主观幸福感。自我同情在残疾人大学生领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系中起完全中介作用。     

粤港澳大湾区大学生前创业行动及受到政策与心理因素的影响研究

对315名粤港澳大湾区大学生进行问卷调查,分析他们前创业行动的情况并采用logistic回归研究其影响因素。结果发现,大学生前创业行动的参与度较为积极,但仍有进一步提升空间。而且,大学生的前创业行动受到了创业效能感、创业意愿和个体背景等内部因素的影响; 以及受到了创业政策熟悉度、大学生家庭所在地创业环境等外部变量的影响。研究结果对高校针对性开展创业教育具有一定的指导意义。     

Can regenerated inner‐city areas remain sites of public‐place sociability? Psycho‐social processes predicting public sociability in a changing neighbourhood

The processes of urban regeneration of long‐disinvested inner‐city neighbourhoods today happening in many European cities sometimes dramatically transform residents' traditional uses of their public places. Focusing on a neighbourhood renowned for its traditional public place sociability – Mouraria, in Lisbon – this study explored the psychosocial processes that may shape the maintenance of that sociability in the face of increasing social diversification and small‐scale gentrification brought about by a mixed/bottom‐up regeneration plan. A questionnaire survey (n = 201) with two types of residents (“traditional residents” and “new gentrifiers”) indicated that: (a) both types report using Mouraria's public places for socializing, although traditional residents do so to a greater degree; (b) perceived cultural continuity of the neighbourhood is positively related to public place sociability for both groups; and (c) this relationship is mediated by both place identification and place knowledge; but (d) it is not moderated by type of resident. By implication, we argue that regenerated inner‐city neighbourhoods may remain as places of lively public sociability and companionship if residents are able to forge and/or retain a sense of identification with, and intimate knowledge of, the neighbourhood, and view it as maintaining continuity with the past.     

“激将法”会激发还是打击员工?感知能力不被领导信任的“双刃剑”效应

感知能力不被领导信任是信任研究的重要内容。已有研究普遍认为感知不被领导信任会对员工的自我产生不利影响。相反, 传统领导方式“激将法”则认为领导的不信任可以刺激员工展现更好的自我。为了解释上述矛盾, 本研究基于自我评价理论和心理逆反理论, 采用实验研究和多源多时间点问卷调查研究方法, 探讨了感知能力不被领导信任对员工自我的“双刃剑”效应及边界条件。研究结果表明, 当员工感知领导能力较强时, 感知能力不被领导信任会通过降低员工的工作效能感削弱员工的工作努力和绩效表现; 当员工感知领导能力较弱时, 感知能力不被领导信任会通过增强员工证明自我能力动机提升员工的工作努力和绩效表现。     

Autonomous motivation,cardiorespiratory fitness,and exercise in rheumatoid arthritis: Randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, characterised by high-grade systemic inflammation, pain, and swollen joints. RA patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined if a 3-month individualised RA-tailored exercise programme with one-on-one Self-Determination Theory (SDT)-based support for physical activity (PA) facilitated autonomous motivation, increased PA behaviour, and induced greater improvements in cardiovascular and RA-related disease characteristics, and wellbeing in RA, compared to a standard provision tailored exercise programme.Methods115 RA patients were randomised into either the SDT-based psychological intervention + exercise programme (experimental group) or an exercise programme only (control group). Cardiorespiratory fitness (primary outcome), self-reported PA, disease characteristics, CVD risk, wellbeing, and SDT constructs were assessed at baseline (pre-intervention), 3 months (post-intervention), 6 months, and 12 months follow-up. Mixed linear modeling was used to examine within- and between participant changes in these outcome measures.ResultsIn 88 patients with complete baseline data, cardiorespiratory fitness did not change from baseline to 3-, 6- or 12 months in either group. CVD risk, disease characteristics, wellbeing, and need satisfaction did not change, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure. Significant group by time interaction effects were found for functional ability (6- & 12-months), CVD risk (6-months) and PA (3-months). Autonomous motivation increased and controlled motivation decreased more in the experimental group compared to the control group at 3 months.ConclusionsDespite improving quality of motivation for exercise, no changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or other psychological and physiological health outcomes were found. This suggests more intensive support is needed when initiating an exercise programme to achieve health benefits in RA.     

权力感与亲社会倾向：自我获益的中介和情境的调节作用

本研究基于情境聚焦理论探讨权力感与亲社会倾向的关系,以及自我获益和情境所起的作用。两项研究通过测量一般权力感（研究一, N= 271）和启动权力感（研究二, N=139名）,考察权力感在不同情境（合作vs.竞争）中的亲社会倾向。结果发现：自我获益在权力感与亲社会倾向之间存在中介作用,竞争合作情境能够调节权力感与自我获益的关系从而影响亲社会倾向,在竞争下,高权者感知到更少获益,表现出更少的亲社会倾向,在合作情境下则相反。     

性别比与童年经济状况对女性长短期择偶偏好的影响：“暖男”需求变化的进化分析

基于进化领域的生命史理论,采用两种实验启动的途径探讨性别比、童年经济状况和女性长短期择偶偏好间的关系。结果表明：女性在长期择偶中更为重视男性的“好爸爸”和“好资源”,在短期择偶中更为重视男性的“好基因”;性别比在女性长期择偶的“好爸爸”偏好上具有显著主效应,在“女多男少”情境下女性对“好爸爸”的偏好水平会较“男多女少”时明显提高;性别比和童年经济状况在女性长期择偶“好爸爸”偏好上的交互效应显著：童年贫穷女性在“女多”情境下会明显提高对长期择偶“好爸爸”的偏好水平,童年富裕女性在性别失衡情境下对长期“好爸爸”的偏好保持相对稳定。     

前瞻性情绪作为社会风险的信息源假说：公共场景下风险决策的情绪及文化机制探讨

本研究从梳理决策的情绪理论入手, 在综合几种主要理论的基础上提出了“前瞻性情绪作为社会风险信息源”的假说。前瞻性情绪是在决策过程中产生的, 由于对决策选择的预期而感受到的, 进而影响决策行为的情绪。社会环境下的风险事件具有突发和稍纵即逝的特征, 如果一个公民对这类风险事件做出反应, 其结果的概率难于量化。在这种情况下, 前瞻性情绪能够为决策者快速提供有关信息, 并形成对决策预期结果严重性和可能性的综合表征, 从而成为公众场景下风险决策的有效线索。不同前瞻性情绪的组合在面对社会性风险事件时具有针对性的作用。近年来在文化比较中对于面子、荣誉和尊严文化的划分, 也为我们研究文化的情绪特征和行为效应提供了理论框架。本研究拟通过四项研究和多个实验探讨前瞻性情绪如何影响公众场景下人们的风险应对行为, 并对三种文化的情绪特征进行比较, 探索情绪性决策中个人因素、群体因素、及文化因素如何共同决定公共场景下风险决策(如亲社会行为或反社会行为)的发生与发展, 同时也期望为公共政策的制定及风险管理提供科学依据。