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221.
基于等级反应模型的属性层级方法 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
给出基于等级反应模型的属性层级方法(Attribute Hierarchy Method, AHM),并简记为GRM-AHM,提出了相应的确定GRM-AHM的期望项目反应模式全集的方法和一种新的归类法LL。用蒙特卡洛模拟实验比较GRM-AHM的几种归类法的归准率(属性模式归准率和单个属性的平均判准率)。结果发现,新归类法的归准率与AHM中的方法A差不多,但比方法B高很多;随着被试作答失误率的提高,它们的归准率都有所下降。在归类精度和简单性方面,GRM-AHM都比Bolt等(2004)提出的多级评分融合模型(Fusion Model)好 相似文献
222.
在心理与教育测量中, 项目反应理论(Item Response Theory, IRT)模型的参数估计方法是理论研究与实践应用的基本工具。最近, 由于IRT模型的不断扩展与EM (expectation-maximization)算法自身的固有问题, 参数估计方法的改进与发展显得尤为重要。这里介绍了IRT模型中边际极大似然估计的发展, 提出了它的阶段性特征, 即联合极大似然估计阶段、确定性潜在心理特质“填补”阶段、随机潜在心理特质“填补”阶段, 重点阐述了它的潜在心理特质“填补” (data augmentation)思想。EM算法与Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro (MH-RM)算法作为不同的潜在心理特质“填补”方法, 都是边际极大似然估计的思想跨越。目前, 潜在心理特质“填补”的参数估计方法仍在不断发展与完善。 相似文献
223.
Heining Cham Evgeniya Reshetnyak Barry Rosenfeld William Breitbart 《Multivariate behavioral research》2017,52(1):12-30
Researchers have developed missing data handling techniques for estimating interaction effects in multiple regression. Extending to latent variable interactions, we investigated full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation to handle incompletely observed indicators for product indicator (PI) and latent moderated structural equations (LMS) methods. Drawing on the analytic work on missing data handling techniques in multiple regression with interaction effects, we compared the performance of FIML for PI and LMS analytically. We performed a simulation study to compare FIML for PI and LMS. We recommend using FIML for LMS when the indicators are missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR) and when they are normally distributed. FIML for LMS produces unbiased parameter estimates with small variances, correct Type I error rates, and high statistical power of interaction effects. We illustrated the use of these methods by analyzing the interaction effect between advanced cancer patients’ depression and change of inner peace well-being on future hopelessness levels. 相似文献
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225.
When the underlying responses are on an ordinal scale, gamma is one of the most frequently used indices to measure the strength of association between two ordered variables. However, except for a brief mention on the use of the traditional interval estimator based on Wald's statistic, discussion of interval estimation of the gamma is limited. Because it is well known that an interval estimator using Wald's statistic is generally not likely to perform well especially when the sample size is small, the goal of this paper is to find ways to improve the finite-sample performance of this estimator. This paper develops five asymptotic interval estimators of the gamma by employing various methods that are commonly used to improve the normal approximation of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Using Monte Carlo simulation, this paper notes that the coverage probability of the interval estimator using Wald's statistic can be much less than the desired confidence level, especially when the underlying gamma is large. Further, except for the extreme case, in which the underlying gamma is large and the sample size is small, the interval estimator using a logarithmic transformation together with a monotonic function proposed here not only performs well with respect to the coverage probability, but is also more efficient than all the other estimators considered here. Finally, this paper notes that applying an ad hoc adjustment procedure—whenever any observed frequency equals 0, we add 0.5 to all cells in calculation of the cell proportions—can substantially improve the traditional interval estimator. This paper includes two examples to illustrate the practical use of interval estimators considered here.The authors wish to thank the Associate Editor and the two referees for many valuable comments and suggestions to improve the contents and clarity of this paper. The authors also want to thank Dr. C. D. Lin for his graphic assistance. 相似文献
226.
Stochastic Ordering Of the Latent Trait by the Sum Score Under Various Polytomous IRT Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sum score is often used to order respondents on the latent trait measured by the test. Therefore, it is desirable that under the chosen model the sum score stochastically orders the latent trait. It is known that unlike dichotomous item response theory (IRT) models, most polytomous IRT models do not imply stochastic ordering. It is unknown, however, (1) whether stochastic ordering is often or rarely violated and (2) whether violations yield a serious problem for practical data analysis. These are the central issues of this paper. First, some unanswered questions that pertain to polytomous IRT models implying stochastic ordering were investigated. Second, simulation studies were conducted to evaluate stochastic ordering in practical situations. It was found that for most polytomous IRT models that do not imply stochastic ordering, the sum score can be used safely to order respondents on the latent trait.The author would like to thank Klaas Sijtsma for commenting on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
227.
Can Gürer Clemens Draxler 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2023,76(1):154-191
Recent detection methods for Differential Item Functioning (DIF) include approaches like Rasch Trees, DIFlasso, GPCMlasso and Item Focussed Trees, all of which - in contrast to well established methods - can handle metric covariates inducing DIF. A new estimation method shall address their downsides by mainly aiming at combining three central virtues: the use of conditional likelihood for estimation, the incorporation of linear influence of metric covariates on item difficulty and the possibility to detect different DIF types: certain items showing DIF, certain covariates inducing DIF, or certain covariates inducing DIF in certain items. Each of the approaches mentioned lacks in two of these aspects. We introduce a method for DIF detection, which firstly utilizes the conditional likelihood for estimation combined with group Lasso-penalization for item or variable selection and L1-penalization for interaction selection, secondly incorporates linear effects instead of approximation through step functions, and thirdly provides the possibility to investigate any of the three DIF types. The method is described theoretically, challenges in implementation are discussed. A dataset is analysed for all DIF types and shows comparable results between methods. Simulation studies per DIF type reveal competitive performance of cmlDIFlasso, particularly when selecting interactions in case of large sample sizes and numbers of parameters. Coupled with low computation times, cmlDIFlasso seems a worthwhile option for applied DIF detection. 相似文献
228.
Indrani Basak 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2015,22(3-4):161-166
In analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a ratio scale (π1, π2, ⋯, πt) for the priorities of the alternatives {T1, T2, ⋯, Tt} is used for a decision problem in which πi/πj is used to quantify the ratio of the priority of Ti to that of Tj. In a group decision‐making setup, the subjective estimates of πi/πj are obtained as entries of a pairwise comparison matrix for each member of the group. On the basis of these pairwise comparison matrices, one of the topics of interest in some situation is the total rank ordering of the priorities of the alternatives. In this article, a statistical method is proposed for testing a specific total rank ordering of the priorities of the alternatives. The method developed is then illustrated using numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Anna M. Langener Anne-Wil Kramer Wouter van den Bos Hilde M. Huizenga 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2022,40(1):35-45
Numerous developmental studies assess general cognitive ability, not as the primary variable of interest, but rather as a background variable. Raven’s Progressive Matrices is an easy to administer non-verbal test that is widely used to measure general cognitive ability. However, the relatively long administration time (up to 45 min) is still a drawback for developmental studies as it often leaves little time to assess the primary variable of interest. Therefore, we used a machine learning approach – regularized regression in combination with cross-validation – to develop a short 15-item version. We did so for two age groups, namely 9 to 12 years and 13 to 16 years. The short versions predicted the scores on the standard full 60-item versions to a very high degree r = 0.89 (9–12 years) and r = 0.93 (13–16 years). We, therefore, recommend using the short version to measure general cognitive ability as a background variable in developmental studies. 相似文献