感觉寻求、同伴压力对高中生烟酒使用的影响

对来自山东日照市两所普通高中1~3年级的689名学生进行问卷调查,考察感觉寻求、同伴压力（包括烟酒使用同伴压力与其他同伴压力）对高中生烟酒使用的影响,以及同伴压力的调节作用。结果表明：（1）感觉寻求、烟酒使用同伴压力对高中生烟酒使用有正向预测作用,其他同伴压力也能显著预测其饮酒行为。（2）烟酒共用同伴压力调节感觉寻求和高中生烟酒共用间的关系,只有在高烟酒共用同伴压力下感觉寻求才会显著预测烟酒共用;饮酒同伴压力也调节感觉寻求和高中生饮酒间的关系,只有在高饮酒同伴压力下高感觉寻求者才会有较多饮酒行为;其他同伴压力无此调节作用。（3）吸烟同伴压力不能调节感觉寻求和高中生吸烟间的关系。     

青少年理想自我表征的丰富性及其调节作用研究

本文尝试对青少年理想自我表征丰富性进行量化研究,并着重从压力缓冲和人际交往角度探讨了理想自我表征丰富性对个体心理健康的调节作用,以及理想自我表征丰富性与弹性的关系.研究结果表明,青少年理想自我表征丰富性不存在年龄差异,而在性别上存在差异,且这种差异主要存在于初中男女生之间;丰富的理想自我表征有利于缓冲青少年对压力的负性体验,并在一定程度上影响他们在同学中的人缘.此外,理想自我表征丰富性对心理健康的调节主要通过弹性中介发挥作用,预示着理想自我表征丰富性可能是青少年弹性的重要构成成分.     

互联网使用与青少年自我认同的生态关系

互联网已经渗透到人们日常生活的方方面面,给社会及个人带来了广泛而深远的影响,正处于人生的关键时期的青少年更是首当其冲。依据Bronfenbrenner的生态学模型,该文从微系统、中系统、宏系统以及处于生态系统中心的青少年自身4个方面,分别论述了互联网使用与青少年自我认同的形成与发展的密切关系,从而提供了有关互联网使用对青少年身心发展的影响方面的一些初步知识     

Scientific Peer Review: A Case Study From Local And Global Analyses.

The dialog between Staddon (2001, 2004) and Baum (2004) raises general questions about the nature of scientific peer review. Their dialog displays effects on peer review of differences of opinion about the relative merits of local and global analyses. Baum (1995, 1997, 2001, 2002) favors global analyses as a paradigm different, newer, and better than the local, dynamic, real‐time approach that plays a significant role in Staddon (2001). According to the Kuhnian perspective (Kuhn, 1996) Baum advocates, we can better understand his review of Staddon (2001) by considering the implications for it of his commitment to the idea that a global analysis is a superior scientific paradigm. This commentary examines some characteristics of local and global analyses, as well as some of their possible implications for peer review in the context of a reviewer's belief in the Kuhnian idea of incommensurability: According to this idea, a reviewer who either is, or who believes he is, from one paradigm is unlikely, for better or worse, to understand or perhaps even tolerate work from a different paradigm. It is recommended that a process be developed to encourage “truth in peer reviewing” to reduce possible conflicts of interest embedded in the current conception of scientific peer review.     

童年中期同伴侵害影响孤独感的中介变量分析

为检验同伴侵害影响儿童孤独感的中介变量,采用同伴提名、儿童自我知觉量表、儿童孤独感量表和班级戏剧问卷对武汉市某小学3-6年级445名儿童进行了调查。结果发现：同伴接纳和整体自尊是同伴侵害与孤独感间的两个中介变量。 在考察单一变量的中介作用时,同伴接纳在儿童的同伴侵害与其孤独感间起完全中介作用,而整体自尊在儿童的同伴侵害与其孤独感间起部分中介作用;当同时考察同伴接纳与整体自尊的中介作用时,同伴接纳与整体自尊在同伴侵害与孤独感间起完全中介作用,而且,由于同伴接纳对整体自尊的正向预测作用,同伴侵害对整体自尊的预测关系不显著。     

中学生自我提升的特点及其与人际适应的关系

采用自编自我提升领域问卷考察中学生自我提升的特点,并探讨自我提升与同伴接纳和友谊状况的关系。结果发现:(1)中学生在个体领域和人际领域(除道德行为维度)表现出自我提升倾向。(2)男生比女生、初中生比高中生表现更强的自我提升倾向。(3)同伴接纳度低的中学生身体与运动技能和一般认知能力维度自我提升程度较高,互选好朋友数量较少的中学生一般认知能力、个体心理特质、人际心理特质和道德行为维度的自我提升较高。     

Self–other awareness and peer relationships in toddlers: gender comparisons

Toddlers' growing self–other awareness has been linked with their ability to interact with peers, but there is reason to think that self–other awareness may relate to different aspects of peer relationships for boys and girls. We hypothesized that boys would express self–other awareness by separating self from other through claiming toys, while girls would express self–other awareness by creating similarities between self and other through use of the duplicate of a partner's toy. For 52 22–26 month olds, self–other awareness was assessed through four tasks: mirror self recognition, perceptual role taking, pronoun recognition and pronoun use. Each child subsequently interacted with a same‐sex peer for 30 min. Girls high in self–other awareness, and their partners were more likely to engage in duplicate toy use than girls low in self–other awareness. No differences in toy claiming were found. Future longitudinal research would clarify how the onset of self–other awareness relates to developments in peer interaction for girls and boys. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青少年儿童不爱社交、同伴排斥和同伴侵害的交叉滞后分析

本研究采用班级戏剧和同伴提名对初中一年级766名学生进行了3年的追踪研究,采用交叉滞后设计,考察同伴排斥、同伴侵害和不爱社交之间的相互预测关系。结果表明：（1）不爱社交、同伴排斥和同伴侵害都表现出较高程度的稳定性;（2）早期同伴排斥可以预测随后的同伴侵害,早期同伴侵害也可以预测随后的同伴排斥,但这两种作用模式都受到性别的调节;（3）从总体上来说,早期同伴侵害影响个体随后的不爱社交倾向,但这种关系模式受到性别的调节。对女生来说,初一的同伴侵害影响初二的不爱社交;对男生来说,早期同伴侵害对随后的不爱社交没有显著的预测作用。本研究结果表明,同伴侵害不仅对同伴排斥产生较大的影响,同时可能导致女生对社会交往变得越来越冷漠,对人际关系产生长期影响。     

Peer tutoring to prevent firearm play acquisition, generalization, and long-term maintenance of safety skills

Hundreds of accidental injuries and deaths to children occur annually in the United States as a result of firearm play. Behavioral skills training (BST) and in situ training have been found to be effective in teaching children the skills to use if they find a firearm, but training requires substantial time and effort. The current study examined the use of peers as tutors as a potential way to decrease the time and resources needed to teach these safety skills to youngsters. Peer trainers conducted BST and in situ training with other children. Children taught by the peer trainers acquired the safety skills and demonstrated them in naturalistic situations in which the skills were needed. Furthermore, all of the peer trainers acquired and maintained the skills. These results support the use of peer tutoring for teaching safety skills to other children.