患者隐私杈的法学思考

结合法学理论、医疗实践和目前患者隐私权的法律保护现状,就侵权行为、民事责任的认定以及隐私权的限制等问题予以理论阐释,并提出了切实可行的保护措施,如建立健全相关法律法规、医务人员要增强法律保护意识等,以期为患者隐私权的保护提供有益的参考。     

过去时间的心理结构

４０８名大学生被试用秒、分、小时、日、星期、年和月７个时间单位和模糊统计试验方法对４０个不定的过去时间修饰词作经验赋值,结果显示：（１）过去时间和未来时间在心理结构上是对称的,分为三个心理时间段,即以秒和分为计时单位的“较近的过去”和“较近的未来”,以小时、日和月为计时单位的“近的过去”和“近的未来”,和以年为计时单位的“远的过去”和“远的未来”。（２）随着时间修饰词的词义离现在由近至远,其词义地     

观点采择对高中教师共情反应的影响:共情倾向的中介作用

为了探讨观点采择与共情倾向对高中教师共情反应的影响,164名高中教师完成了人际反应指数量表,并在三种不同的观点采择指导语下完成共情反应问卷。结果表明:(1)观点采择通过指导语操作检验有效;(2)情感观点采择下的共情反应显著高于认知观点采择下的共情反应;认知观点采择下的共情反应显著高于技术观点采择下的共情反应;(3)情感观点采择通过共情倾向的部分中介作用对共情反应产生影响,认知观点采择通过共情倾向的完全中介作用对共情反应产生影响。     

影响ICU护士落实“知情同意原则”原因及对策

重症监护（intensive care unit,ICU）医生越来越重视在诊疗活动过程中的知情同意权,各种重要诊疗活动都与患者和家属沟通,并取得口头或文字上的同意,但部分护理人员对知情同意原则不重视,在环节中落实不力,从而易引发护患纠纷。而保证患者获得知情同意权是护理人员必须落实的义务,护士的告知是维护患者知情同意权和...     

未来时间洞察力的目标作用

未来时间洞察力是个体对未来时间的认知、体验和行动（或行动倾向）的一种人格特质,其目标不仅架起了现在与未来的桥梁,也影响个体的认知与行为,并且不同目标还具有不同的动力作用。但个体如何建构未来目标、确立优势目标等,需做进一步研究。     

Effects of containment and closure policies on controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic in East Asia

Growing efforts have been made to pool coronavirus data and control measures from countries and regions to compare the effectiveness of government policies. We examine whether these strategies can explain East Asia’s effective control of the COVID‐19 pandemic based on time‐series data with cross‐correlations between the Stringency Index and number of confirmed cases during the early period of outbreaks. We suggest that multidisciplinary empirical research in healthcare and social sciences, personality, and social psychology is needed for a clear understanding of how cultural values, social norms, and individual predispositions interact with policy to affect life‐saving behavioural changes in different societies.     

自动观点采择：内隐心智化与潜心智化的争议

自动观点采择现象已有很多研究证实, 但其产生机制还存在争议。目前存在内隐心智化与潜心智化两种观点：前者认为自动观点采择是自发采择他人视角的领域特殊加工; 而后者提出自动观点采择实质为反射性注意定向、位置的空间编码等领域一般加工, 模拟了心智化在社会环境中的作用。在内隐心智化和潜心智化可独立或共同运行的基础上, 提出了内隐心智化和潜心智化协同作用模型。未来研究应借助先进的技术手段研究多样的被试群体, 探索自动观点采择的作用机制。     

How Patient-Perpetrated Workplace Violence Leads to Turnover Intention Among Nurses: The Mediating Mechanism of Occupational Stress and Burnout

This study looked into the impact of patient-perpetrated workplace violence on nurses’ turnover intention by examining the sequential mediation effect of occupational stress and burnout. Results were obtained by analyzing the data collected from 216 nurses working in four public hospitals of central Pakistan. Results provided full support to the research hypotheses, demonstrating that patient-inflicted violence negatively affects nurses’ turnover intention, and that occupational stress and burnout both individually mediate the patient violence–turnover intention relationship. Particularly, the results illustrated that patient violence is related to turnover intention through occupational stress first and then burnout. These results widen the focus of past research by demonstrating that the patient violence–turnover intention link is not as simple as previously believed. Future researchers can use these findings to further develop integrated models that explore the adverse consequences of workplace violence on nursing staff’s personal and professional well-being.     

Exploring the social side of self‐compassion: Relations with empathy and outgroup attitudes

Self‐compassion is a disposition involving compassionate attitudes toward the self when facing difficulties. We argued that specific self‐compassion components might influence indicators of openness to others, such as empathy and outgroup attitudes. We hypothesized that the component called common humanity versus isolation, involving the acknowledgement that one's sufferings are shared with all the other humans, would be positively related to the other‐oriented aspects of empathy, perspective taking and empathic concern, and to improved outgroup attitudes. We also hypothesized that the mindfulness versus over‐identification component, i.e., having a balanced view of one's situation avoiding exaggerations, would be associated with lowered personal distress. In three studies, with three independent samples, we regressed empathy and outgroup attitudes on self‐compassion components, while controlling for concurrent predictors such as self‐construal and attachment styles. Results supported our hypotheses, suggesting that improvements in empathy and outgroup attitudes may be fostered by positive individual dispositions.     

关怀伦理的介入：医患关系重构的新视角

梳理有关学者的关怀伦理理论观点,并基于关怀伦理的相关思想对疾病状态下患者的特性（脆弱性、自主性和依赖性）进行分析,在此基础上,讨论目前医疗机构中主流医患关系模式理论（包括律法关系、家长制关系和自主决策关系）的局限性与不足,并将这类主流医患关系说纳入到基于关怀的医患关系之中,以重构适用于当前医疗行为模式和医疗行业现状、体现己他两利关怀思想的医患关系模式,最后阐述了基于关怀的医患关系中的“关怀”实践路径,包括引导性双向叙事、同情与移情以及关怀美德。