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Participants were trained and tested to select stimuli of differing physical quantities in the presence of 2 color contextual cues for more than and less than. Following more than and less than relational training, participants allocated the majority of their responses to the slot machine that shared formal properties of color with the contextual cue for more than, despite the identical payout probabilities of the slot machines. 相似文献
33.
Tony Toneatto 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(1):71-78
One of the earliest instruments to screen for problem gambling, the Twenty Questions (20Q), was developed within Gamblers
Anonymous. This instrument has not received serious research attention, however, and its psychometric properties are generally
unknown. This study reports reliability and validity data for this instrument in 3 independent samples totaling 456 participants:
two samples of problem gamblers in treatment and a non-treatment sample of problem gamblers. The Twenty Questions was shown
to possess high reliability as measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent, convergent and predictive validity of the 20Q supported
the use of this instrument as an acceptable screening instrument. Classification analyses indicated that the 20Q is comparable
to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling in specificity, sensitivity and rates of false negatives and false
positives. The 20Q appears to be a reliable and valid measure of problem gambling and warrants continued research attention. 相似文献
34.
基于"大学生互联网使用动机量表"和"大学生病理性互联网使用行为量表"的测量结果,采用匹配法筛选出21名基于人际情感性动机的病理性网络用户和22名非人际情感性动机的健康性网络用户,对其实施延迟折扣任务(DDT)、stop-signal任务和Stroop色词命名任务,探讨了基于人际情感性动机的病理性网络用户的冲动控制特性。结果发现,相对于健康性网络用户,病理性网络用户对延迟强化物的折扣速度更快,但后者的反应抑制失败率、反应抑制潜伏期(SSRT)和冲突抑制功能均与前者无显著差异。这些结果表明,病理性网络用户的冲动控制障碍主要表现为以对即时强化的超敏感性和强化物长远价值的非敏感性为特征的"短视"倾向,而非行为抑制功能的缺失。 相似文献
35.
Fantino E 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2008,89(1):125-127
Behavior analysis has been thriving by continuing to make important theoretical and empirical contributions to a wide array of problems, as well as by contributing to interdisciplinary research. Applied research in behavior analysis is flourishing. Despite these positive signs there may be an erosion of support for basic research in animal learning and behavior, including behavior analysis. Increased attention by behavior analysts to fundamental problems in areas of cognition, including decision-making and language, may help behavior analysis to evolve more successfully. An experimental analysis of gambling may prove particularly fruitful. 相似文献
36.
Aging, Executive Functioning, and Social Control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William von Hippel 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(5):240-244
ABSTRACT— Aging is associated with atrophy of the frontal lobes of the brain, which are the seat of executive functions. Because successful social functioning often requires executive control, aging can lead to unintended social changes via deficits in executive control. In this article I review evidence that, due to losses in executive control, aging leads to increased prejudice and social inappropriateness and, under certain circumstances, increased depression and problem gambling. I then discuss theory and research suggesting possible interventions that might ameliorate unwanted social changes brought about by executive decline. 相似文献
37.
Robert Ladouceur Stella Lachance Patricia-Maude Fournier 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(3):189-1884
According to a report of National Gambling Impact Study Commission (National Gambling Impact Study Commission (1999). Final report. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.), 97% of problem gamblers in the United States do not seek treatment. Within the small proportion of problem gamblers who enter into treatment, a high percentage drops out. Despite the fact that some researchers argue against abstinence as the only acceptable treatment goal and that regaining control over gambling behaviour appears to be possible for some pathological gamblers (PG), abstinence has been the only gambling intervention treatment goal. The primary goal of this study was to verify whether controlled gambling is a viable goal for pathological gamblers. The second goal was to identify the characteristics that predicted a successful outcome for treatment with a controlled gambling goal. Eighty-nine PGs were enrolled in cognitive-behavioural treatment aimed at controlled gambling. Six and twelve month follow-ups were conducted in order to evaluate the maintenance of therapeutic gains and to identify significant predictors of successful controlled gambling. Results showed that using the intent-to-treat procedure, 63% had a score of 4 or less on the DSM-IV at the end of treatment. That proportion was 56% and 51% at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. If we retain only those who completed the treatment, these proportions increased to 92%, 80% and 71% at post-treatment, 6- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. On the majority of the measures, significant improvements were found at post-treatment and the therapeutic gains were maintained at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. However, few variables were identified to predict who would benefit from control rather than abstinence. The clinical and philosophical implications of these results are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
38.
Angela Bennett 《The Journal of analytical psychology》1997,42(2):237-251
In this paper I ask whether there might be any one particular psychopathology likely to be linked specifically with the physical illness known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and whether CFS/ME aids and abets and 'fits' an original mental state. I think the question cannot yet be answered. However it is my hypothesis that in some personality structures the onset of CFS/ME following a physical illness exacerbates negativity and is an aspect of ordinary depression where there is a lowering of energy levels and a loss of zest for life, or it may reveal the pathological aspect of unresolved rage.
Depending on the degree of pathological disturbance, working with and through the rage may or may not result in a resolution of the symptoms of ME. In this paper I consider some of the problems in the transference and countertransference relationship, which make it extremely difficult to separate out reality from phantasy. There is then the further problem of the denial of the psyche by the patient as part of the violence inherent in the illness.
One case is presented, an example of ME in a borderline male patient in whom resolution could not be achieved. 相似文献
Depending on the degree of pathological disturbance, working with and through the rage may or may not result in a resolution of the symptoms of ME. In this paper I consider some of the problems in the transference and countertransference relationship, which make it extremely difficult to separate out reality from phantasy. There is then the further problem of the denial of the psyche by the patient as part of the violence inherent in the illness.
One case is presented, an example of ME in a borderline male patient in whom resolution could not be achieved. 相似文献
39.
A simple model for the utility of gambling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Peter C. Fishburn 《Psychometrika》1980,45(4):435-448
A model of the utility of gambling is presented in a modified von Neumann-Morgenstern format. Axioms imply a utility function that preserves preferences between sure things and between gambles. The addition of a utility of gambling term to the expected utility of a gamble preserves preference comparisons between gambles and sure things. Aspects of the utility of gambling are noted, and comparisons are made to standard concepts of risk attitudes.The author is indebted to Joseph Sani for valuable discussions on the topic of this paper. 相似文献
40.