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931.
内隐知识表征的性质与研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
内隐学习是当分认知和学习领域经内隐记忆之后又一重要的研究课题。其中,关于内隐学习所获知识的性质问题是最具争议的问题之一,本文介绍了在这个问题上的三种主要观点:抽象观、分布的例子基础观、片断观,并对各种观点的实验性证据进行了总结和分析。 相似文献
932.
Jeremy A. Sabloff 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(3):347-354
This article examines the question of how can museum professionals and the interested public resolve the competing claims
of traditional ownership and continuing scientific research in relation to museum collections.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium entitled “Ethics in Science: Special Problems in Anthropology
and Archaeology” held at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Philadelphia,
PA, 15 February, 1998. 相似文献
933.
学习成绩差与成绩好学生短时记忆特点的比较研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本研究比较了小学1、3、5年级学习成绩好/差学生在图片、数字、词汇记忆上的特点。结果表明:(1)在图片记忆上,两组儿童的成绩没有差异。1、3年级优差生间的差异主要在数字与具体词汇记忆中;5年级两组学生的差异主要在数字与抽象词汇记忆中。(2)从提示/非提示及击中虚假刺激的结果看,两组儿童在记忆上的差异部分地是由于策略运用上的差异。经过提示,学习不良儿童在数字和词汇记忆上的成绩有了提高。 相似文献
934.
Peter P. Kirschenmann 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1991,22(1):61-72
The recent turn to the context of discovery and other postmodernist developments in the philosophy of science have undermined the idea of a universal rationality of science. This parallels the fate of the classical dream of a logic of discovery. Still, justificational questions have remained as a distinct perspective, though comprising both consequential and generative justification — an insight delayed by certain confusions about the (original) context distinction. An examination of one particular heuristic strategy shows its local rationality; even as an efficient procedure of hypothesis generation, it carries probative weight. It will be explored in which respects such a strategy can be normative or contain normative elements.Parts of this paper were published, in summary fashion, in Kirschenmann (1989). 相似文献
935.
David R. Breed 《Zygon》1991,26(1):149-175
Abstract. This third installment in David Breed's intellectual biography of Ralph Wendell Burhoe focuses upon the impact of his thought on the Unitarian Universalist Association and that group's role in Burhoe's career. Dana McLean Greeley, elected president of the American Unitarian Association in 1958, was a key figure in Burhoe's eventual participation in the project, "The Free Church in a Changing World." Burhoe's emphasis on the need for doctrine that could communicate religious wisdom in terms of science stood in tension with free-church tradition. Nevertheless, the section of the project's final report, titled "Theology and the Frontiers of Learning," largely accepted Burhoe's program for a new natural theology based on science. This project brought Burhoe's program to the attention of the denomination and led to the invitation in 1964 from Malcolm Sutherland, on behalf of Meadville/Lombard Theological School in Chicago, of which he was president, for Burhoe to implement his program in the new curriculum of that school. Burhoe accepted. 相似文献
936.
Grace K Baruch 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1974,4(2):173-180
The relation of identification preferences in college women to maternal work history and maternal career attitudes was examined, using direct, forced-choice questions concerning perceived similarity and desire to emulate (“pattern preference”) the mother or the father. It was expected that mothers who participated in work and desired a career would be more attractive models, compared to the father, than mothers who were not career-oriented. These expectations were based upon the assumption that role status, power, and satisfaction, which are important in identification motivation, are generally greater in working mothers. Findings tended to support this argument and were interpreted with the aid of subjects' explanations of their identification choices. 相似文献
937.
Experimental results indicate that presentation of horrifying scenes is not necessary to obtain a favorable outcome in the treatment of phobias by flooding. Prolonged exposure to the feared object, even under relatively pleasant conditions is sufficient. Subjects were college students who rated highly fearful of rats. They were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups and to a no treatment-control group. Treatment groups differed along the dimension of harshness of scene presentation. Control group subjects received no treatment but were assessed repeatedly as were experimental subjects. All experimental subjects showed improvement irrespective of treatment received-after treatment they were all willing to come closer to a live rat and experienced less anxiety at the closest point. However, subjects exposed to horrid scenes were judged by an independent evaluator as less likely to avoid fearful situations. The discussion centers on the discrepancy between rater's evaluation and other measures, implications of the results for treatment, and on the generalizability of findings to a patient population. 相似文献
938.
939.
Using the assumption of randomly parallel tests and concepts from generalizability theory, three signal/noise ratios for domain-referenced
tests are developed, discussed, and compared. The three ratios have the same noise but different signals depending upon the
kind of decision to be made as a result of measurement. It is also shown that these ratios incorporate a definition of noise
or error which is different from the classical definition of noise typically used to characterize norm-referenced tests.
Part of the work leading to this paper was accomplished while the authors were assistant professors at the State University
of New York at Stony Brook. 相似文献
940.
Olga T. Yokoyama 《Argumentation》1988,2(1):133-151
Disbelief, lies, and manipulations have been objects of scholarly consideration from widely different perspectives: historical, sociological, philosophical, ethical, logical, and pragmatic. In this paper, these notions are re-examined in the framework of a Transactional Discourse Model which operates in terms of the location and relocation of various knowledge items within two sets of knowledge, A and B, representing two interlocators A and B, and two of their subsets Ca and Cb, which constitute the sets of the matters of A's and B's current concern. This approach reveals certain formal features shared by lies, disbelief, and manipulations that indicate that these three types of discourse behavior constitute a deviation from successful interpersonal communication as defined in the proposed model. The model, moreover, enables us to explicitly capture both the similarities and the differences of lies and manipulations with other pragmatic phenomena, such as jokes, impersonating, role-acting, memory failure, politeness expressions, and tact; the comparison suggests that certain modifications of Gricean conversational maxims may be in order. 相似文献