Voice and interpersonal attraction

The present study examined the effects of voice and physical appearance on inter-personal attraction. Furthermore, the attributes of voice that enhance interpersonal attraction were investigated. In the first study the subjects were 25 female students from one university and the target persons were four male students from another university. The subjects rated attractiveness of voice and physical appearance, and the overall interpersonal attraction of the target persons. The attractiveness of voice and physical appearance had independent effects on interpersonal attraction. In the second study the subjects were 62 students (20 males, 42 females) from one university and the target persons were 16 students from another university (eight of each sex). The results of the first study were replicated. Bright, generous voices, low vocal pitch and a small range of vocal pitch increased interpersonal attraction.     

INCREASING COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTIONS OF YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM USING A VOICE OUTPUT COMMUNICATION AID AND NATURALISTIC TEACHING

We evaluated the effects of a voice output communication aid (VOCA) and naturalistic teaching procedures on the communicative interactions of young children with autism. A teacher and three assistants were taught to use naturalistic teaching strategies to provide opportunities for VOCA use in the context of regularly occurring classroom routines. Naturalistic teaching procedures and VOCA use were introduced in multiple probe fashion across 4 children and two classroom routines (snack and play). As the procedures were implemented, all children showed increases in communicative interactions using VOCAs. Also, there was no apparent reductive effect of VOCA use within the naturalistic teaching paradigm on other communicative behaviors. Teachers' ratings of children's VOCA communication, as well as ratings of a person unfamiliar with the children, supported the contextual appropriateness of the VOCA. Probes likewise indicated that the children used the VOCAs for a variety of different messages including requests, yes and no responses, statements, and social comments. Results are discussed in regard to the potential benefits of a VOCA when combined with naturalistic teaching procedures. Future research needs are also discussed, focusing on more precise identification of the attributes of VOCA use for children with autism, as well as for their support personnel.     

REDUCTION OF CIGARETTE SMOKING IN A UNIVERSITY CAFETERIA

Passive smoking has been shown to be hazardous to the health of nonsmokers. Given this documented link between exposure to smoke-filled environments and deleterious health consequences, there is a need to develop effective procedures that establish and maintain no-smoking areas in various public settings. The present study focused on decreasing cigarette smoking in a section of a university cafeteria. Posting of no-smoking signs was found to decrease levels of smoking only minimally. However, when smokers were verbally prompted not to smoke, in the presence of the signs, marked decreases in smoking occurred in the target area.     

语音告警信号语速研究

用普通会话句表和飞机告警句表两种测试材料 ,以言语可懂度测试法和主观评价法研究言语告警信号的适宜语速。实验中的语速定为 0 .1 1、0 .1 5、0 .2 0、0 .2 5、0 .3 5和 0 .45秒 /字六级。实验模拟飞机座舱环境 ,采用计算机生成的数字化言语信号 ,在 90 d B(A)的飞机噪声环境下 ,通过耳机传递给被试。研究得到以下结论 :言语告警信号的适宜语速为 0 .2 5秒 /字 (或 4字 /秒 ) ,它的下限为 >0 .2 0秒 /字 (或 <5字 /秒 ) ,它的上限为 0 .3 0秒 /字 (或 3 .3 3字 /秒 )。     

Individual differences in face and voice matching abilities: The relationship between accuracy and consistency

Deciding whether two different face photographs or voice samples are from the same person represent fundamental challenges within applied settings. To date, most research has focussed on average performance in these tests, failing to consider individual differences and within‐person consistency in responses. Here, participants completed the same face (Experiment 1) or voice matching test (Experiment 2) on two separate occasions, allowing comparison of overall accuracy across the two timepoints as well as consistency in trial‐level responses. In both experiments, participants were highly consistent in their performances. In addition, we demonstrated a large association between consistency and accuracy, with the most accurate participants also tending to be the most consistent. This is an important result for applied settings in which organisational groups of super‐matchers are deployed in real‐world contexts. Being able to reliably identify these high performers based upon only a single test informs regarding recruitment for law enforcement agencies worldwide.     

The implication of the sadistic superego in anorexia

Based on our clinical experience with anorexia, we propose to distinguish two paradoxical aspects of this disorder. On the one hand, anorexia may serve as a shield and support to open up a space for subjectivity, promoting a separation from the mother. Eros is responsible for this defense of subjectivity and of the assumption of one's own wish. But the anorexic individual may, on the other hand, be subjected to the death drive and to the voice of a sadistic and ferocious superego that demands immediate obedience. The death drive, present in different combinations with Eros, is an obstacle to the work of the psychoanalyst.     

员工建言行为的结果及其调节机制

该文从个体层面和群体层面对员工建言行为结果的研究进行综述。个体层面建言结果大致可以分为五个方面：员工绩效、工作态度、人际关系、建言采纳和后续建言行为; 群体层面的结果主要包括群体绩效、群体创新和群体离职。无论是在个体层面还是在群体层面, 建言对其结果的影响研究结论都不尽一致。个体层面研究结论的不一致可能是受建言特点(类型和策略)、建言者身份、建言对象反应、建言情境等调节因素的影响; 群体层面结论的不一致可能归因于建言对象和管理者可用资源等的调节作用。未来研究应进一步探索管理者对建言不同类型反应的原因, 探究群体建言的作用机制。     

建言行为的理论机制及未来研究展望

自Van Dyne和LePine把建言行为引入到组织行为学(OB)领域之后,这一概念便成为理论界研究的热点问题。经过系统梳理,本文提出了建言行为以往研究三种范式的整合框架,即人际风险观、责任义务观和价值信念观。并且,基于控制论(Control Theory)的视角,本文从个体建言内容产生、建言行为目的、个体建言是否被采纳、建言实施四个环节进行系统展望,提出了未来建言行为相关研究的方向。     

让建言更多含金量：员工建言质量的前因机制

员工高质量的建议是企业提质增效的重要途径。然而, 以往研究主要聚焦在员工的“建言参与”和“建言数量”上, 忽略了一个最本质的问题——员工的建言质量如何?为解决这一关键问题, 分别从员工建言质量的内涵、测量、前因机制的角度构建一个关于员工建言质量的系统研究。研究一基于扎根理论, 探讨员工建言质量的内涵与结构, 开发员工建言质量的测量工具; 研究二是基于内隐建言理论, 从个体和团队两个层面探讨员工与领导的批判性思维对员工建言质量的影响机制。理论贡献在于推动员工建言质量的理论构建, 拓展批判性思维理论、内隐建言理论的应用。     

情绪耗竭对建言行为的U型影响——内在动机的调节作用

基于资源保存理论,通过201名员工及其直接上级的配对样本,探讨了中国组织背景下员工情绪耗竭对其促进性建言与抑制性建言的非线性影响及其边界条件。研究结果表明,情绪耗竭对促进性建言与抑制性建言有显著的U型影响。与抑制性建言相比,情绪耗竭对促进型建言的U型影响更强。内在动机显著调节了情绪耗竭对促进性建言的U型影响,对于低内在动机的员工而言,情绪耗竭对促进性建言的U型影响更明显。