语言演变差异与族群/方言名称对族群信息加工的影响——以广东三大汉语方言为例

语言是族群的重要文化特征之一。基于广东三大方言族群均为中原移民的史实, 探讨三大汉语方言的语言演变差异与族群/方言名称对方言讲话者对中原族群信息加工的影响。以方言为客家话、粤语和潮汕话的广东大学生为被试, 实验1采用群体参照的R/K范式, 考察不同方言讲话者对中原族群信息的记忆; 实验2采用启动Stroop范式, 考察不同方言讲话者对中原族群信息的注意偏向。结果表明, 语言演变差异与族群/方言名称影响不同方言讲话者对中原族群的信息保持, 顽强地保持祖先语言的客家方言族群对中原族群的信息加工产生群体参照效应; 语言演变差异和族群/方言名称影响方言讲话者对中原族群信息的注意偏向, 客家方言族群对中原族群的信息加工产生注意偏向。整个研究表明, 语言演变差异和族群/方言名称影响对同祖语族群的信息加工, 完整地保留汉祖语特点、强化方言与汉祖语的关系, 能够增强根祖意识, 增进对同根族群的认同。研究结果对铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要启示。     

Intergroup helping during the coronavirus crisis: Effects of group identification,ingroup blame and third party outgroup blame

Two studies tested predictors of helping across national boundaries. British participants reported blame attributions for the coronavirus crisis, either to the British government (ingroup blame), or to the Chinese government (third party outgroup blame), and it was tested whether this was associated with intentions to donate money to help outgroup members suffering from effects of the coronavirus crisis in the world's poorer countries. It was hypothesized that strength of identification with the national ingroup would be negatively associated with blame attributions to the ingroup, and that it would be positively associated with blame attributions to a third party outgroup. Blame attributions were predicted in turn to be related to outgroup helping, with ingroup blame being positively associated with helping intentions, and third party outgroup blame being negatively associated with helping intentions. Support for these predictions were found in one exploratory (N = 100) and one confirmatory (N = 250) study.     

A Preliminary Examination of the Acceptability,Feasibility, and Effectiveness of a Telehealth Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Group for Social Anxiety Disorder

In light of the growing interest in, and need for, the telehealth delivery of health care, additional research is needed on the acceptability and effectiveness of these types of interventions. This study examined the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of an adapted telehealth-delivered group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD). This report describes the adaptation and subsequent implementation of an 8-week telehealth-delivered group treatment designed to reduce symptoms of SAD. Specific adaptations for delivering treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent enactment of social distancing measures are discussed. Posttreatment data indicated that the intervention was feasible to implement in an outpatient mental health clinic, acceptable to participants, and associated with reduction in symptoms of social anxiety, general anxiety, depression, and stress.     

When Training Becomes Incentive for Generative Living and Working Together in Organizations

This article has come about from two considerations: on one hand, living together in a work environment is becoming more and more challenging; on the other, training professionals at work represents a used and relevant action incentive in order to support and improve individual, group, and organizational development. In light of the fact that organizations are asking more and more complex questions, this work aims at developing a reflection on how adopting a certain perspective and educational method is particularly suitable to support the organization to achieve substantial outcomes, such as developing generative living and working together in organizations. In this article, we will analyze two illustrative cases, underlining evolution and learning process with a particular focus on the consequences of living and working together in organizations.     

社会网络视角下儿童青少年同伴关系网络与欺凌相关行为的共同变化关系

欺凌是一种群体动态过程,同伴生态是欺凌发生发展的重要情境。虽然已有研究重视影响欺凌的同伴因素,但从群体动态关系视角细致探讨欺凌相关行为(欺凌、受欺凌和保护行为)发展变化的研究仍十分有限。从社会网络与欺凌相关行为相互影响的关键问题入手,重点考察欺凌相关行为在同伴关系网络中的发展进程,揭示了同伴关系网络的结构特征和内部关系作为欺凌相关行为是否发生、如何发展的重要生态标志,阐明了存在相同行为特征的个体分群汇聚的选择效应和群体内行为传染的影响效应。未来研究应结合多维社会网络、多类型网络结构和关系特征、不同欺凌角色以及我国本土化特点等进一步加强欺凌治理的群体生态研究,从而更好地为群体生态层面上的欺凌治理提供科学依据。     

Dominance and aggression in various sized groups of red deer stags

The influence of group size on agonistic behaviour of “white” red deer stags (Cervus elophus L.) of different ranks in the hierarchy was examined during artificial feeding. Size of the social group was dependent on the season in the year and on age and general rank within the whole bachelor group inhabiting the enclosure of the stags. Group size differentially affected the behaviour of the stags according to the rank of the individual in the particular groups. Increased group size resulted in increased agonistic activity in top-ranking stags. The number of attacks directed towards bottom-ranking stags by other group members was also elevated. Stags of intermediate rank position showed a decrease in the number of interactions involved and a suppression of agonistic activity.     

RECENT TRENDS IN THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE OF RELIGION: NEUROSCIENCE,RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE,AND THE CONFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH

Cognitive science of religion (CSR) has increased influence in religious studies, the resistance of religious protectionists notwithstanding. CSR's most provocative work stresses the role of implicit cognition in explaining religious thought and conduct. Exhibiting explanatory pluralism, CSR seeks integrative accounts across the social, psychological, and brain sciences. CSR reflects prominent trends in the cognitive sciences generally. First, CSR is giving greater attention to the new tools and findings of cognitive neuroscience. Second, CSR researchers have done carefully designed, nonlaboratory studies of experience, incorporating precise physiological measures, obtaining astonishing findings about the experiences of ritual participants and observers. Third, CSR theorists have advanced evolutionary hypotheses about religions from eight perspectives (cross-indexing three levels of selection with three mechanisms of selection). Cultural group selectionists headline credibility enhancing displays and Big Gods in the religious consolidation of large-scale societies. Other CSR researchers marshal counterevidence and advance alternative hypotheses. CSR findings are incompatible with the New Atheists’ projects on two fronts.     

群组成员行动目标的一致性对群体实体性的影响:动作形式一致性的调节作用

群体被视为一个有机整体的特性被称为群体实体性。研究从行为的行动目标和动作形式两个特征维度出发,探讨了行动目标一致性和动作形式一致性如何共同作用于群体实体性。结果发现,在不同群体规模下,群体成员具有一致目标的群体实体性均高于不一致条件,但只有当行为发生在群体情景且符合合理性原则时,动作形式一致性对该影响关系才起到调节作用。该结果表明,只有当行为发生在群体情景且符合合理性原则时,行动目标和动作形式才联合作用于群体实体性。