Stochastic Dominance and Opaque Sweetening

This paper addresses the problem of opaque sweetening and argues that one should use stochastic dominance in comparing lotteries even when dealing with incomplete orderings that allow for non-comparable outcomes.     

“后社会主义时代”的正义——Nancy Fraser社会正义概念研究

在政治伦理论域中,多元文化主义和女性主义已成为自由主义正义论在当前的强劲对手.以社会批判理论著称的南希·弗雷泽就是以这样一种双重身份介入了这场论辩,提出了有关"后社会主义时代"的正义构想.弗雷泽提出"地位模式的承认"将承认的合法性框限在仅和社会平等地位相关的范围内,用以强调对承认正义的诉求绝不可遮蔽对再分配正义的反省与批判,并据此构建了一种以"平等参与"为支点的"双焦点的正义概念"和""视角上的二元论方法"来表达对当前社会不正义的关注.     

Differential Effects of Short- and Long-Term Early Maternal Separation on Subsequent Maternal Behavior in Rats

Female Sprague-Dawley pups were separated from mothers every other day for 8 hr (long-term separation/LTS), 4 hr (short-term separation/STS), or 0 hr (no separation/NS) from postnatal day 2–20. In adulthood, they were mated and tested for maternal behaviors during two lactations. It was expected that females separated from mothers as pups would show deficits in maternal behavior as adults. Contrary to expectations, LTS showed better nest building and grouped young faster during both lactations. LTS were first to display aggression and displayed more aggression during the second lactation. Notably, while some measures decreased from first to second lactation in NS and STS, LTS maintained levels of maternal care. These results suggest that extended periods of maternal separation may exaggerate some aspects of maternal behavior.     

身体形式和社会环境对SNARC效应的影响:基于具身认知观的理解

目前SNARC效应在认知心理学领域得到了广泛研究,然而较少有研究考察身体形式和社会环境对SNARC效应的影响.研究以127名在校大学生为被试,使用奇偶判断任务、Go/No-go任务以及合作情境下的Go/No-go任务依次展开了三个研究,拟揭示身体形式和社会环境对SNARC效应的影响.实验一要求被试双手完成奇偶判断任务,结果出现了经典的SNARC效应.实验二要求被试完成Go/No-go任务,并让被试单手(左手或右手)对奇数或偶数进行反应,结果SNARC效应没有出现,这表明认知主体的身体形式对SNARC效应产生了影响.实验三要求被试合作完成Go/No-go任务,该实验按照被试所坐的位置(左边和右边)和反应手(左手和右手),设计了四个条件,结果只有身体位置和反应手完全一致时出现了 SNARC 效应.以上结果一方面表明了具身认知观的合理性,另外一方面扩展了以往对SNARC效应本质的理解.     

The international financial crisis and the north‐south dialogue

The author describes several origins of current international financial problems. Shortcomings of current solutions are analyzed, and solutions which the author thinks are more appropriate are presented.