大学生自我概念清晰性与社交焦虑的关系：多重中介效应分析

为了考察大学生自我概念清晰性对社交焦虑的影响,以及拒绝敏感性和无法忍受不确定性的中介作用,采用自我概念清晰性问卷、拒绝敏感性问卷、无法忍受不确定性量表和社交回避及苦恼量表对890名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明：大学生的自我概念清晰性既可以直接负向预测社交焦虑,也可以通过拒绝敏感性、无法忍受不确定性以及二者的链式中介影响社交焦虑,但链式中介作用较弱。因此,大学生的自我概念清晰性是通过降低其拒绝敏感性和无法忍受不确定性,进而缓解大学生的社交焦虑。     

父母忽视与青少年短视频过度使用的关系：正念和自我控制的中介机制

为考察父母忽视与青少年短视频过度使用的关系,并探索正念与自我控制的多重中介机制,选取1015名青少年为研究对象,进行父母忽视、自我控制、正念和短视频过度使用的测量。结果表明：（1）父母忽视与短视频过度使用呈显著正相关。（2）自我控制在父母忽视与短视频过度使用间起中介作用,且正念和自我控制还在两者间起链式中介作用。     

Relationships among parenting practices,parental stress,child behaviour,and children's social‐cognitive development

The present study included observational and self‐report measures to examine associations among parental stress, parental behaviour, child behaviour, and children's theory of mind and emotion understanding. Eighty‐three parents and their 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children participated. Parents completed measures of parental stress, parenting (laxness, overreactivity), and child behaviour (internalizing, externalizing); children completed language, theory of mind, and emotion understanding measures. Parent–child interactions also were observed (N=47). Laxness and parenting stress predicted children's theory of mind performance and parental usage of imitative gestures and vocalizations accounted for unique variance in emotion understanding. Associations also were found between child behaviour and emotion understanding. Results provide support for direct and indirect associations between parent–child interactions and early social‐cognitive development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why and when justice sensitivity leads to pro- and antisocial behavior

People differ in how injustice-sensitive they are either as victims or as observers. Whereas observer sensitivity is positively related to cooperative behavior, victim sensitivity promotes antisocial and egoistic behavior. The present article investigates the dynamics underlying these effects. Participants played an online-based public goods game and were informed about the number of people who violated a fairness rule in previous rounds of the game (no, some, or many violators). High victim-sensitive participants contributed less to the public good even in the “some violators” condition. High observer-sensitive participants contributed more to the public good even in the “many violators” condition. The findings correspond with the sensitivity to mean intentions model and cannot be explained by individual differences in general trust.     

Rejection sensitivity and disruption of attention by social threat cues

Two studies tested the hypothesis that Rejection Sensitivity (RS) increases vulnerability to disruption of attention by social threat cues, as would be consistent with prior evidence that it motivates individuals to prioritize detecting and managing potential rejection at a cost to other personal and interpersonal goals. In Study 1, RS predicted disruption of ongoing goal-directed attention by social threat but not negative words in an Emotional Stroop task. In Study 2, RS predicted attentional avoidance of threatening but not pleasant faces in a Visual Probe task. Threat-avoidant attention was also associated with features of borderline personality disorder. This research extends understanding of processes by which RS contributes to a self-perpetuating cycle of interpersonal problems and distress.     

Why do narcissists take more risks? Testing the roles of perceived risks and benefits of risky behaviors

Much prior research demonstrates that narcissists take more risks than others, but almost no research has examined what motivates this behavior. The present study tested two potential driving mechanisms of risk-taking by narcissists (i.e., heightened perceptions of benefits and diminished perceptions of risks stemming from risky behaviors) by administering survey measures of narcissism and risk-taking to a sample of 605 undergraduate college students. Contrary to what might be expected, the results suggest that narcissists appreciate the risks associated with risky behaviors just as much as do less narcissistic individuals. Their risk-taking appears to instead be fueled by heightened perceptions of benefits stemming from risky behaviors. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that narcissists engage in some forms of potentially problematic behaviors, such as risk-taking, because of a surplus of eagerness rather than a deficit of inhibition.     

Brief cognitive-behavioral internet therapy for irritable bowel syndrome

While cognitive-behavioral therapy for IBS is quite effective, the limited availability of competent therapists and lack of access to treatment remain problematic. This paper reports on a small, randomized, controlled trial of a five week internet based cognitive-behavioral intervention for IBS with limited therapist feedback via e-mail. Fifty-four IBS patients were recruited via the internet and randomly assigned to either immediate treatment or a wait-list control group. Thirty-one subjects completed the post-treatment assessment. 77% of treatment completers also completed a 3-month follow-up assessment. Treatment completers experienced statistically and clinically significant declines in IBS symptoms and improvements in quality of life. Those gains were substantially maintained at follow-up. Treatment efficacy was partially mediated by reductions in the tendency to catastrophize the social and occupational implications of symptoms, suggesting that catastrophizing may be an important target for treatment.     

患者集中大医院就医的行为经济学分析

认为患者的行为心理因素是造成就医集中现象的重要原因,其中,关于参照点的选择是影响患者就医行为的重要因素,风险规避、损失厌恶、心理账户、敏感度递减等因素也是重要的影响因素。通过提高社区医院的力量、改革医疗保险的支付方式、对技术的理性追求等措施,可以缓解这一反常现象。     

Multi‐criteria minisum facility location problems

This paper deals with the multi‐criteria Weber (minisum) problem. Several new solution concepts are introduced, related to ideas of equilibrium between the different aspects covered by the objectives. Structural results are presented characterizing the proposed solution sets and showing the relationships existing with the efficient sets in the point objective location problem. Also, algorithms to solve this problem for the polyhedral norm case are developed. The proposed approach is more general than previously studied on multi‐criteria location problems and is particularly applicable in the real world when different scenarios must be compared. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Maternal Sensitivity: Individual,Contextual and Cultural Factors in Recent Conceptualizations

Over the past three decades, numerous investigators have stressed the importance of maternal sensitivity in children's social and cognitive development. The various contributors to this thematic issue take different yet complementary approaches to the definition of early maternal sensitivity, focusing on mothers' responsiveness, joint topic focus with child, affect, involvement and structuring of the physical and social environments of the child. The populations represented in these writings are diverse, including middle-class and poorer families, children with and without special needs and families from a range of cultural groups. Individual and contextual factors are discussed as influencing the expression of maternal sensitivity and as both mediating and moderating relations between maternal sensitivity and diverse child outcomes. Together, this collection of writings underscores the multidimensional character of maternal sensitivity, the specialized nature of its influence and the relevance of studying maternal sensitivity within a comprehensive ecological framework. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.