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211.
212.
以474名大学生、青年教师和企业员工为被试,通过筛选情境故事,建立无结构性问题道德主题评定参照系统,创立道德敏感性定量记分方法,从而开发道德敏感性测评工具并对其进行初步的心理测量学特征检验。结果表明:以无结构性问题为形式进行道德敏感性测评研究符合道德敏感性的本质;所开发的道德敏感性测评工具兼具定性评定和定量分析的特征;鉴于道德敏感性的情境特异性,测评工具的同质性信度有待进一步提高。 相似文献
213.
An intergroup sensitivity effect (ISE) is people's tendency to react more negatively to a criticism when it was made by an outgroup member than when the same criticism was made by an ingroup member. The present study investigated variation in ISE when the criticism was varied in terms of valence (absence of positive qualities or presence of negative qualities) and level of abstraction (traits or behaviours). Dependent measures were emotional reactions to the criticism, perceived constructiveness, ingroup bias, and recognition memory for the criticism. All participants showed an ISE to the negative abstract criticism. In addition, consistent with the social identity account of ISE, participants' levels of identification with their ingroup moderated the ISE in some of the measures. 相似文献
214.
Katharina Ereky‐Stevens 《Infant and child development》2008,17(5):527-543
This study investigated associations between mother–infant interactions and children's subsequent understanding of mind and emotion. Mothers' tendency to comment on their infants' internal world and their general sensitivity to their infants' internal states were measured through coded play interactions at 10 months. The latter measurement included ratings on four aspects of maternal behaviour: mindful facilitation, joint attention commenting, pacing, and affect catching. In contrast to mothers' internal state language, these behaviours did not tap mothers' explicit linguistic representation of their infants' mental states. At 54 months, children's understanding of mind and emotion was measured through a range of false‐belief tasks and an emotion‐understanding task. Multivariate analysis revealed direct positive links between mothers' sensitivity to their infants' internal states and children's later understanding of mind. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
215.
KELLY BECKER 《Metaphilosophy》2006,37(5):691-704
Abstract: Duncan Pritchard has recently highlighted the problem of veritic epistemic luck and claimed that a safety‐based account of knowledge succeeds in eliminating veritic luck where virtue‐based accounts and process reliabilism fail. He then claims that if one accepts a safety‐based account, there is no longer a motivation for retaining a commitment to reliabilism. In this article, I delineate several distinct safety principles, and I argue that those that eliminate veritic luck do so only if at least implicitly committed to reliabilism. 相似文献
216.
Nigel Barber 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(5):442-450
Violent crimes, including murders, rapes, and assaults are substantially higher in the Americas than other regions of the world. This study investigated the role of single parenthood ratios in accounting for this regional variation in violent crime of 39 countries using INTERPOL data. It pitted the prediction of parental investment (calling for a delayed relationship between single parenthood and crime) against a mating aggression hypothesis that predicted a contemporaneous effect. Regression analyses found that current single parenthood ratios were strongly and consistently predictive of violent crimes whereas single parenthood ratios 18 years earlier were not and this conclusion remained following controls for income inequality and the population sex ratio. The results indicate that the regional difference in violent crime is best explained in terms of mating competition rather than reduced parental investment. Aggr. Behav. 32:1–9, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
217.
Peter Murphy 《Erkenntnis》2006,65(3):365-383
This paper looks at an argument strategy for assessing the epistemic closure principle. This is the principle that says knowledge
is closed under known entailment; or (roughly) if S knows p and S knows that p entails q, then S knows that q. The strategy
in question looks to the individual conditions on knowledge to see if they are closed. According to one conjecture, if all
the individual conditions are closed, then so too is knowledge. I give a deductive argument for this conjecture. According
to a second conjecture, if one (or more) condition is not closed, then neither is knowledge. I give an inductive argument
for this conjecture. In sum, I defend the strategy by defending the claim that knowledge is closed if, and only if, all the
conditions on knowledge are closed. After making my case, I look at what this means for the debate over whether knowledge
is closed. 相似文献
218.
Peter Muris Ph.D. Hilde Vaesen M.Sc. Dorien Roodenrijs M.D. Lut Kelgtermans M.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(2):216-223
This study examined the treatment sensitivity of the ADHD Questionnaire (ADHD-Q), which is a brief rating scale for measuring symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children. Parent, teacher, and child self-report data of the ADHD-Q were obtained for 17 clinically referred children with ADHD on the three occasions: (1) during the regular intake assessment, (2) just before the start of the stimulant medication (i.e., methylphenidate) intervention, and (3) four weeks after the start of the medication intervention. Results showed that ADHD-Q scores remained fairly stable in the period prior to the intervention, but then showed a substantial decline after the stimulant medication had been administered. Clearly, this finding supports the treatment sensitivity of the ADHD-Q. 相似文献
219.
“May I present you: my disgust!” – Declared disgust sensitivity in the presence of attractive models
Michal Mikolaj Stefanczyk Katarzyna Lizak Marta Kowal Agnieszka Sorokowska 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2022,113(3):739-757
Disgust sensitivity differs among men and women, and this phenomenon has been observed across numerous cultures. It remains unknown why such sex differences occur, but one of the reasons may relate to differences in self-presentation. We tested that hypothesis in an experiment comprising 299 participants (49% women) randomly allocated into three groups. Each group completed the Three Domains Disgust Scale (TDDS) and rated how disgusting they found olfactory, visual, gustatory, and tactile disgust elicitors either when a male experimenter was present, a female experimenter was present, or no experimenter was present. We hypothesised that male participants in the female experimenter group would declare decreased levels of disgust sensitivity, and female participants in the male experimenter group would declare increased levels of disgust sensitivity. Results showed that despite sex differences in pathogen and sexual disgust, attractive experimenters did not evoke any differences in declared disgust across groups with one exception–both men and women self-presented as more sensitive to sexual disgust in the presence of the female experimenter. We discuss our findings in the light of evolutionary and social theories. 相似文献
220.
Neuroticism (N) assesses emotional sensitivity or lability, but the construct is poorly defined and instruments used to assess
N are marred by a number of psychometric shortcomings. Neuroticism is also described in an overtly pejorative way, with items
keyed for themes reflecting low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The present paper presents a revised model based on
a new questionnaire entitled the Emotional Sensitivity Scale (ESS). Using an innovative scenario technique to generate items,
exploratory factor analysis of the responses of 242 participants yielded orthogonal dimensions for positive (other-oriented)
and negative (self-centered) emotional sensitivity, and the structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Validation
studies showed that the ESS dimensions were related in systematic ways to related psychometric instruments and that, as predicted,
participants scoring high on the positive dimension were better able to recognize displayed emotions. The new scale offers
a basis for extending the research on emotional sensitivity using empirically discriminable positive and negative components. 相似文献