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Culture and parenting shape the ability to recall early childhood experiences. This research focused on the unique context of upbringing in the Israeli kibbutz and examined how cultural orientation and experiences of parental engagement in Kibbutz and non-Kibbutz settings shaped adults’ earliest memories. Participants were 108 women (study 1) and 75 women and men (study 2) who were raised in traditional kibbutz upbringing or in a non-kibbutz family setting. In addition to reporting their earliest memory and age at earliest memory, participants estimated retrospectively the amount of daily time spent in interaction with parents, caregivers, and other children during the time of earliest memory. Overall, upbringing-related variations in cultural orientation were evident in the content of memories. A prediction of later age at earliest memory due to limited opportunities for parent–child interaction characteristic of traditional kibbutz upbringing was not supported. Rather, in both studies, age at earliest memory was linked to retrospective estimation of parental engagement, after controlling for childhood ecology. Study 2 revealed also a link of age at earliest memory to retrospective estimation of involvement with non-parental caregivers. These findings are congruent with the social-interaction model’s claims about the importance of interaction with caregiving adults to autobiographical memory’s development.  相似文献   
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Parents generally want their children to be happy, but little is known about particular types of positive affect (PA) that parents want their children to experience. Tsai's (2007) affect valuation theory offers a useful framework to understand how parents' emotional goals may shape the socialization of particular types of PA (e.g., excitement vs. relaxation). Participants were 96 mothers and their 7- to 12-year-old children. Results indicated that mothers endorsed similar levels of ideal PA (IPA) for low-, moderate-, and high-arousal PA for both themselves and for their child, suggesting that mothers desire the same type of PA for their children as they want for themselves. In support of the study's main hypothesis, mothers' IPA for their children predicted specific socialization responses that would encourage that type of PA (e.g., mothers' high-arousal IPA predicted greater encouragement of their child to celebrate, whereas mothers' low-arousal IPA predicted encouragement of affection). The findings extend affect valuation theory and emotion socialization research by indicating that parents' emotional goals (i.e., IPA) for their children may contribute to their socialization of children's PA.  相似文献   
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The purpose of this article is to describe a field experience that used an applied psychoanalytic approach to discover potential unconscious barriers to attracting qualified Puerto Rican psychologists to work in western Massachusetts. The field experience involved a series of lectures at two Puerto Rican universities that train doctoral‐level psychologists. This field experience was conducted by Anglo internship professors and Puerto Rican doctoral psychology interns trained in Puerto Rico but interning on the mainland. Currently, there is a workforce crisis impacting mental health clinics that treat traumatized Puerto Rican families referred from child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The interns were training in the western Massachusetts city of Holyoke, which is 43% Puerto Rican. Holyoke is experiencing a crisis in its school system, which is 80% Puerto Rican students and is now under state receivership. This area in Massachusetts is in desperate need of Puerto Rican psychologists. The public schools are always seeking to work with outside agencies that can offer bi‐lingual and bi‐cultural clinicians. An applied psychoanalytic lens was utilized to analyze a cross‐cultural recruiting experience as a step in understanding the underlying dynamics that may contribute to a critical workforce shortage of Puerto Rican psychologists. The goal was to explore the fantasies and possible unconscious barriers of Puerto Rican doctoral students to move to the US mainland to practice in community mental health. The experiences analyzed two rounds of yearly discussions with (a) psychology students from two universities in Puerto Rico, (b) Anglo internship professors and (c) Puerto Rican interns who were already training on the mainland. Informal discussions with staff and recruited students after lectures provided the experiences to analyze. In the spirit of applied psychoanalysis this project used ideas from two psychoanalytic theories to explore concrete options to help improve the psychological journey of psychologists from Puerto Rican universities to the streets of Massachusetts. Barriers included fantasies about language, lack of experience with the “tools” of psychology (Electronic Health Records), weather, and inadequate planning for the migration experience. Areas for building bridges included offering courses to island training, such has electives for island psychology students thinking of migrating, shared internships with mainland and island universities, and collaboration in researching prevention models. The goal of this project was to uncover students’ fantasies about migration and develop an outline for discussion and training curricula of island psychology graduate students and mainland universities.  相似文献   
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The purpose of the present study was to determine the family resemblance of attitude toward body elimination in Kuwaiti participants. This study was conceptualized in the context of the theories of moral development, importance of cleanliness in the Muslim religion, cross-cultural differences in personal hygiene practices, previous research reporting an association between family attitudes and body elimination attitude, and health implications. The 24-item Likert-type format Body Elimination Attitude Scale-Revised was administered to 277 Kuwaiti high school students and 437 of their parents. Females scored higher, indicating greater disgust, than the males. Moreover, sons' body elimination attitude correlated more strongly with fathers' attitude (r = .85) than with that of the mothers (r = .64). Daughters' attitude was similarly associated with the fathers' (r = .89) and the mothers' attitude (r = .86). The high correlations were discussed within the context of Kuwait having a collectivistic culture with authoritarian parenting style. The higher adolescent correlations, and in particular the boys' correlation with fathers than with mothers, was explained in terms of the more dominant role of the Muslim father in the family. Public health and future research implications were suggested. A theoretical formulation was advanced in which \"ideal\" body elimination attitude is relative rather than absolute, and is a function of one's life circumstances, one's occupation, one's culture and subculture, and the society that one lives in.  相似文献   
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以446名小学五年级至初中二年级的学生为被试,采用问卷法,让被试报告父母冲突形式、内容,对父母冲突的认知评价,以及抑郁、焦虑、自尊、学习问题和不良行为,以探讨父母冲突形式和内容、青少年对冲突的评价与其社会适应的关系,并检验认知评价在父母冲突与青少年适应间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)男女生除在父母情绪冲突和自尊方面的报告有显著差异外,其余各个方面都没有显著差异;随年级升高,儿童知觉的父母冲突内容显著增多,抑郁情绪、学习问题显著增多,而自尊水平显著下降;(2)父母冲突的不同形式和内容,以及青少年对父母冲突的不同认知评价可以预测青少年不同方面的社会适应;(3)认知评价在父母冲突与青少年的内部适应中起中介作用,但在父母冲突与青少年的外部适应中不起中介作用。  相似文献   
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探讨父母教养方式对中职生亲社会行为的影响,分别采用问卷法和实验法检验特质共情与状态共情 在这个影响过程中的中介效应。 结果发现:(1)情感温暖、信任鼓励型的父母教养方式对中职生亲社会行为有正向预测作用; 专制、溺爱型父母教养方式对中职生亲社会行为起负向预测作用。(2)特质共情在情感温暖型、信任鼓励型父母教养方式与中职生亲社会行为之间起部分中介作用。(3)经试验操纵的状态共情的中介效应与特质共情的中介效应同样显著。结论:积极的父母教养方式通过影响中职生的共情进而影响其亲社会行为。  相似文献   
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以748名高中生为被试,采用问卷法考察父母情感温暖、责任心以及公正世界信念对青少年感恩的影响机制。结果显示:(1)高中生的父母情感温暖可显著正向预测其感恩;(2)在控制了性别、年龄以及年级后,父母情感温暖可分别通过责任心和公正世界信念间接地影响青少年的感恩。这表明责任心和公正世界信念是父母情感温暖影响青少年感恩的重要中介变量。  相似文献   
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