母婴分离的动物模型及其神经生物学机制

利用社会环境剥夺建立的精神分裂症动物模型,是当前研究精神分裂症神经生物学机制的一个热点课题.作为一种重要的早期社会剥夺方式,出生后至断乳前的母婴分离日益受到关注.文章综合阐述了母婴分离对啮齿类动物行为及神经发育影响的最新研究成果,表明母婴分离可以部分模拟精神分裂症的行为及中枢表现,证实了该模型的可行性;并进一步分析了影响实验结果的各种相关因素,为今后采用该模型进行深入研究提供一定的理论支持.     

自我缺损与精神分裂症

精神分裂症与自我改变的密切关系已经得到了广大研究者的认可。但是, 关于自我在精神分裂症患者中会发生何种变化并对疾病产生何种影响, 目前还没有全面、明确的理解。这篇文章综述了不同学科关于自我的研究, 提出可以从主导感、自我面孔识别、自我参照过程这三个部分来考察精神分裂症的自我缺损, 并回顾了自我这三个成分的相关研究, 分别考察了其对于精神分裂症研究的意义。本综述为全面评估自我缺损与精神分裂症的关系提供了思路。     

Fathers as Intervention Agents for Their Children with Developmental Disabilities

ABSTRACT

Parent training aimed at aiding children to overcome social and behavioral problems is an area that has continued to gain attention and support. Very little of the current research has been with developmentally disabled children, the focus of this study. Additionally, for most parent training programs, “parents” actually refers to mothers. In this study three fathers and their developmentally disabled children, who ranged in age from 2 years 10 months to 4 years 5 months, were studied. A multiple baseline across fathers' behaviors was utilized for participants to evaluate effects of parent training on fathers' target behaviors. Child compliance and inappropriate behaviors were also addressed. Parent training resulted in desirable changes on a range of target behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Cognitive Insight in Inpatients with Psychotic, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorders

The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS; Beck, Baruch, Balter, Steer, & Warman, 2004) was administered to 42 (28%) inpatients with psychotic disorders, 52 (35%) with a bipolar disorder, and 56 (37%) with a major depressive disorder (MDD). The hypotheses were (a) that the mean level of cognitive insight in a psychotic or a bipolar disorder is lower than that in a MDD, (b) that the mean levels of cognitive insight in psychotic and bipolar disorders were comparable, and (c) that the mean BCIS index score for a bipolar disorder in which the most recent episode had been mania is lower than the mean BCIS index score for a bipolar disorder in which the most recent episode had been mixed or depressed. All three hypotheses were supported. The results were discussed as supporting cognitive insight as a psychological construct that varies predictably according to the nature of a psychiatric disorder.     

Community Implementation Successes and Challenges of a Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Group for Individuals with a First Episode of Psychosis

CBT for psychosis has recently been called a best practice, suggesting that studies have demonstrated its efficacy with many populations. Community settings are encouraged to implement best practices such as CBT yet many factors can make the implementation of CBT challenging. Issues such as clinician resistance, setting, as well as client variables (refusal, denial of symptoms, etc.) come into play. Examples of successes and challenges of a community based study of CBT groups for first episodes will be described. The strategies used to overcome these challenges and the successes of the program will be presented.