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701.
Antoni Torrens 《Studia Logica》2008,88(3):349-383
In a classical paper [15] V. Glivenko showed that a proposition is classically demonstrable if and only if its double negation
is intuitionistically demonstrable. This result has an algebraic formulation: the double negation is a homomorphism from each
Heyting algebra onto the Boolean algebra of its regular elements. Versions of both the logical and algebraic formulations
of Glivenko’s theorem, adapted to other systems of logics and to algebras not necessarily related to logic can be found in
the literature (see [2, 9, 8, 14] and [13, 7, 14]). The aim of this paper is to offer a general frame for studying both logical
and algebraic generalizations of Glivenko’s theorem. We give abstract formulations for quasivarieties of algebras and for
equivalential and algebraizable deductive systems and both formulations are compared when the quasivariety and the deductive
system are related. We also analyse Glivenko’s theorem for compatible expansions of both cases.
Presented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
702.
In this paper, we present a generic format for adaptive vague logics. Logics based on this format are able to (1) identify
sentences as vague or non-vague in light of a given set of premises, and to (2) dynamically adjust the possible set of inferences
in accordance with these identifications, i.e. sentences that are identified as vague allow only for the application of vague
inference rules and sentences that are identified as non-vague also allow for the application of some extra set of classical
logic rules. The generic format consists of a set of minimal criteria that must be satisfied by the vague logic in casu in
order to be usable as a basis for an adaptive vague logic. The criteria focus on the way in which the logic deals with a special
⊡-operator. Depending on the kind of logic for vagueness that is used as a basis for the adaptive vague logic, this operator
can be interpreted as completely true, definitely true, clearly true, etc. It is proven that a wide range of famous logics for vagueness satisfies these criteria when extended with a specific
⊡-operator, e.g. fuzzy basic logic and its well known extensions, cf. [7], super- and subvaluationist logics, cf. [6], [9],
and clarity logic, cf. [13]. Also a fuzzy logic is presented that can be used for an adaptive vague logic that can deal with
higher-order vagueness. To illustrate the theory, some toy-examples of adaptive vague proofs are provided. 相似文献
703.
First we show that the classical two-player semantic game actually corresponds to a three-valued logic. Then we generalize
this result and give an n-player semantic game for an n + 1-valued logic with n binary connectives, each associated with a player. We prove that player i has a winning strategy in game if and only if the truth value of is t
i
in the model M, for 1 ≤ i ≤ n; and none of the players has a winning strategy in if and only if the truth value of is t
0 in M. 相似文献
704.
Dorota Leszczyńska-Jasion 《Studia Logica》2008,89(3):365-399
The aim of this paper is to present the method of Socratic proofs for seven modal propositional logics: K5, S4.2, S4.3, S4M, S4F, S4R and G. This work is an extension of [10] where the method was presented for the most common modal propositional logics: K, D, T, KB, K4, S4 and S5.
Presented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
705.
Logic and Reasoning: do the facts matter? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johan van Benthem 《Studia Logica》2008,88(1):67-84
Modern logic is undergoing a cognitive turn, side-stepping Frege’s ‘antipsychologism’. Collaborations between logicians and
colleagues in more empirical fields are growing, especially in research on reasoning and information update by intelligent
agents. We place this border-crossing research in the context of long-standing contacts between logic and empirical facts,
since pure normativity has never been a plausible stance. We also discuss what the fall of Frege’s Wall means for a new agenda
of logic as a theory of rational agency, and what might then be a viable understanding of ‘psychologism’ as a friend rather
than an enemy of logical theory.
Edited by Hannes Leitgeb 相似文献
706.
We make a proposal for formalizing simultaneous games at the abstraction level of player’s powers, combining ideas from dynamic
logic of sequential games and concurrent dynamic logic. We prove completeness for a new system of ‘concurrent game logic’
CDGL with respect to finite non-determined games. We also show how this system raises new mathematical issues, and throws light
on branching quantifiers and independence-friendly evaluation games for first-order logic. 相似文献
707.
This article identifies problems with regard to providing criteria that regulate the matching of logical formulae and natural
language. We then take on to solve these problems by defining a necessary and sufficient criterion of adequate formalization.
On the basis of this criterion we argue that logic should not be seen as an ars iudicandi capable of evaluating the validity or invalidity of informal arguments, but as an ars explicandi that renders transparent the formal structure of informal reasoning. 相似文献
708.
William Craig 《Synthese》2008,164(3):333-339
Work on how to axiomatize the subtheories of a first-order theory in which only a proper subset of their extra-logical vocabulary
is being used led to a theorem on recursive axiomatizability and to an interpolation theorem for first-order logic. There
were some fortuitous events and several logicians played a helpful role. 相似文献
709.
脑的逻辑功能的核磁共振成像及其哲学意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
张寅生 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(11)
国际上关于逻辑对应的脑物理特征的功能核磁共振成像(fMRI)研究的主要成就在于:建立了高级精神活动和低级神经活动的关联关系的试验方法;提出了高级精神活动的(判断和推理)神经计算模型建立方法。这些研究的实验结果表明,逻辑与神经活动具有确定性的对应关系,它证明了强人工智能的观点:导致意识的可验证的实体(或者称为“意识关联物”)就是意识本身。意识的运行方式是可计算的,思维的本质可以还原为机械性的操作步骤,人工智能和人的天然智能在本质上并无二致。 相似文献
710.
The role of a genetic counselor often entails providing education to patient, community and/or health professional groups.
While counseling supervision assists genetic counselors to be reflective about their clinical work and to enhance clinical
skills, evaluation is a rather analogous process in the provision of education. Program evaluation of education activities
can be applied to provide information about the needs of the target group (needs assessment), the delivery of the program
(process evaluation) as well as determining the extent to which the education activity has met its intended aims (summative
evaluation). Evaluation assists the educator to assess the impact of their program and provides an evidence base about genetics
education. Although program evaluation can be a complex activity, the tools are ones that can be used by individuals to evaluate
single or simple education activities. The components of evaluation are discussed with reference to genetic counseling practice
and three very different examples of actual evaluations are provided to illustrate the diversity of evaluation strategy and
programs to which it can be applied. 相似文献