Fathers' and mothers' attachment representations as predictors of preadolescents' attachment security: A ten‐year follow‐up of Finnish families

The question of how mothers' and fathers' representations of attachment correlate ten years later with children's perceptions of attachment relationships was examined in a longitudinal study on Finnish families (N = 42). The parents completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) during the child's first year of life. At 11 years, the children filled out three scales on how secure they perceive the relationship with each parent. Parents' AAI classifications and AAI dimensions based on continuous scales were used as predictors of the preadolescents' attachment security. Regression analyses demonstrated that fathers' but not mothers' State‐of‐Mind and Experience dimensions predicted preadolescents' security of attachment to father. The discussion focuses on the predictive validity of the classical categorical versus the recently proposed continuous approach and the different roles of parents in transmitting security from one generation to another.     

Boundaries and intimacies: Ethics and the (re)performance of “The Law” in psychoanalysis

The notion of a boundary as it pertains to psychoanalysis is explored, and the distinctiveness of psychoanalysis as a healing science that is ethical and amoral is discussed. The difference between such a science and psychotherapies, which are committed to ideological ideals of maturation and adaptation, is elucidated. Five characteristics of psychological boundaries are discussed, and the significance of each individual's “encounter” with the incest taboo is elaborated, in terms of the dynamic formation of the repression barrier. In this context, the strict ethicality and moral neutrality of psychoanalytic practice is understood in terms of the emancipative way in which free-associative discourse works and plays along the repression barrier.     

Site preference and alloying effect of Re atoms in the edge dislocation cores in Ni3Al

Using Cambridge sequential total energy package method based on the density functional theory, we investigated the site preference and alloying effect of Re atoms in the [1 0 0] (0 1 0) edge dislocation cores in Ni₃Al. Due to the introduction of a Re atom, the energetic and electronic structure of dislocation core systems have been changed a lot. The binding energy results suggest Re atom prefers Al site, especially the centre site in the centre-Al system, which can be explained by the results of Mulliken orbital population and density of states. When Re atom occupies the centre site in the centre-Al system, the DC system has the highest stability and stronger bonds formed between the Re atom and its nearest neighbouring atom due to hybridization of the Re-5d and Ni-3d orbitals.     

Structural,elastic, electronic,phonon and thermal properties of Ir3Ta and Rh3Ta alloys

We have studied the structural, elastic, electronic, phonon and thermodynamic properties of Ir₃Ta and Rh₃Ta alloys, using ab initio calculations. For the L1₂ phase, we report the calculated lattice constants, bulk modulus and elastic constants, and these values are compared with previously published values. We also derive the elastic constants from the values of the slopes of the acoustic branches in the phonon dispersion curves. The band structures show that both materials are metallic. The phonon dispersion curves, and their corresponding total and projected densities of states, are obtained using a linear response in the framework of the density functional perturbation theory. The specific heat capacity at constant volume and different temperatures is calculated, and this aspect is discussed using the quasi-harmonic approximation.     

Emotional reality: A further contribution to dramatology

This paper is a further contribution to dramatology, introduced in this journal in 2009. It focuses on the two basic modes of communication in any dramatic situation: (1) the nonverbal transfer of feelings and emotions, originating in the preverbal period of the love relationship between mother and child, and (2) the interchange of words and thoughts that develops with the acquisition of language. The early nonverbal mode of communication is the basis for proposing to rename Freud's concept of psychic reality “emotional reality.” On this view, emotional reality is seen as the primary fact of psychological life versus thoughts expressed in words as the derivative fact. Developmentally, emotions and ideas become united in complexes combining the emotional coloration of ideas and the ideational content of emotions. From the perspective of methodology, Freud, his followers, and his critics all conflated theories of disorder and theories of treatment. At the beginning of his journey, Freud was dyadic and interpersonal in formulating a unified theory of disorder and a method of treatment. In later years, he formulated monadic and intrapersonal theories of disorder while remaining interpersonal in his method of treatment, contributing to conflicts among the various psychoanalytic schools.     

THE ULTIMATE INSIGHT: THE PATIENT'S AWARENESS OF MOTHER'S FILICIDAL WISHES

The author reviews myths and traditional tales in which the protagonist is a filicidal mother. In a displaced form, filicidal mothers appear as the ubiquitous witches of folklore. This imago is universal in fantasies and pavor nocturnus in children, regardless of the quality of care of the real maternal figures. To this phenomenon—the result of defensive externalization of primitive fears—a fundamental dimension is added when this dread seems corroborated by the mother's manifestly murderous wishes and behavior. Clinical examples of this pathogenic circumstance are provided, with comments on the development of dissociation versus repression, depending on the severity of early traumas. The evolution of symptoms and character disorder in adulthood is discussed, as well as interpretive and technical dilemmas posed by these patients.     

State Authenticity in Everyday Life

We examined the components and situational correlates of state authenticity to clarify the construct's meaning and improve understanding of authenticity's attainment. In Study 1, we used the day reconstruction method (participants assessed real‐life episodes from ‘yesterday’) and in Study 2 a smartphone app (participants assessed real‐life moments taking place ‘just now’) to obtain situation‐level ratings of participants' sense of living authentically, self‐alienation, acceptance of external influence, mood, anxiety, energy, ideal‐self overlap, self‐consciousness, self‐esteem, flow, needs satisfaction, and motivation to be ‘real’. Both studies demonstrated that state authentic living does not require rejecting external influence and, further, accepting external influence is not necessarily associated with state self‐alienation. In fact, situational acceptance of external influence was more often related to an increased, rather than decreased, sense of authenticity. Both studies also found state authentic living to be associated with greater, and state self‐alienation with lesser: positive mood, energy, relaxation, ideal‐self overlap, self‐esteem, flow, and motivation for realness. Study 2 further revealed that situations prioritizing satisfaction of meaning/purpose in life were associated with increased authentic living and situations prioritizing pleasure/interest satisfaction were associated with decreased self‐alienation. State authenticity is best characterized by two related yet independent components: authentic living and (absence of) self‐alienation. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology     

Intuitive Dualism and Afterlife Beliefs: A Cross-Cultural Study

It is widely held that intuitive dualism—an implicit default mode of thought that takes minds to be separable from bodies and capable of independent existence—is a human universal. Among the findings taken to support universal intuitive dualism is a pattern of evidence in which “psychological” traits (knowledge, desires) are judged more likely to continue after death than bodily or “biological” traits (perceptual, physiological, and bodily states). Here, we present cross-cultural evidence from six study populations, including non-Western societies with diverse belief systems, that shows that while this pattern exists, the overall pattern of responses nonetheless does not support intuitive dualism in afterlife beliefs. Most responses of most participants across all cultures tested were not dualist. While our sample is in no way intended to capture the full range of human societies and afterlife beliefs, it captures a far broader range of cultures than in any prior study, and thus puts the case for afterlife beliefs as evidence for universal intuitive dualism to a strong test. Based on these findings, we suggest that while dualist thinking is a possible mode of thought enabled by evolved human psychology, such thinking does not constitute a default mode of thought. Rather, our data support what we will call intuitive materialism—the view that the underlying intuitive systems for reasoning about minds and death produce as a default judgment that mental states cease to exist with bodily death.     

Analysis of the relation between structure and the superconducting transition in YBa2 Cu3 O∼7

Abstract

It is shown that in the high-T_c YBa₂ Cu₃ O_～7 superconductor the critical temperature is a function of the orthorhombic distortion (b–a)/a of the unit cell. From the extrapolation of the (b - a)/a ratio against T_c , a maximum critical temperature of 66 K for the tetragonal phase of YBa₂ Cu₃ O_～7 was predicted. From the correlation between the transition width δT_c and the orthorhombic distortion there was deduced an upper limit for T_c , in the orthorhombic phase of YBa₂ Cu₃ O_～7 of 94·5K.     

Correlation between ductility and work function in NiAl–Ce–Cr alloys

In spite of many superior high-temperature properties of intermetallics, it has been difficult to understand their intrinsic brittleness. To eliminate or improve the embrittlement, the conventional alloying technique based on the trial-and-error method is still the most effective and practical. However, it remains a main challenge for both physicists and materials scientists to provide either an alloying principle or a deep insight into its toughening mechanism at an atomic or electronic level. This letter reports a simple experimental approach that uses work function (WF) as a sensitive indicator of the role of alloying in changing mechanical behavior. NiAl is chosen as a typical example. It is found that with the addition of Cr and Ce, the ductility of NiAl increases significantly. Such an increase in ductility corresponds to a concomitant decrease in the WF, which is attributed to a change in the nature of the atomic bonding or in the electronic structure induced by the alloying. This fundamental understanding on the embrittlement nature of NiAl could provide some alloying guidelines or principles for other intermetallics.