The Survivor Health and Resilience Education (SHARE) Program: Development and Evaluation of a Health Behavior Intervention for Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Few evidence-based health behavior interventions for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer currently exist. These interventions are necessary to address a range of lifestyle and behavioral factors (e.g., diet and physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, excessive sun exposure) that may place survivors at increased risk for secondary cancers other chronic diseases. To address this need, the development and evaluation of a health promotion and disease prevention program for childhood cancer survivors is described, with an emphasis on the steps leading up to conducting a randomized controlled trial to test its efficacy. Data gathered from trial participants suggest the preliminary evaluation of the intervention is favorable. Trends and future directions in behavioral intervention research with childhood cancer survivors are discussed, along with the role of behavioral research in health promotion and disease prevention.     

TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION: VALIDATION OF A TRAINING STRATEGY FOR EARLY CANCER DETECTION

Testicular self-examination (TSE) can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer, the third leading cause of death in young men. We evaluated the effectiveness of a brief and specific checklist for teaching TSE skills. Ten men were videotaped while performing testicular self-examinations before and after training. The TSE training resulted in large and significant increases in the number of TSE steps completed and duration of the TSE. Two urological validation measures supported the improvements observed in the mens' self-examinations. Subjects reported continued performance of TSE during a follow-up telephone interview. This pilot study indicates that a brief and specific checklist is an effective strategy for teaching early cancer detection skills.     

雷替曲塞治疗老年晚期结直肠癌的疗效分析

比较雷替曲塞与5-氟尿嘧啶联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效及生存分析。经病理明确诊断的老年晚期结直肠癌患者42例分为A、B两组,分别采用雷替曲塞和5-氟尿嘧啶／亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂方案化疗,观察两组疗效、不良反应及生存分析。结果A、B两组患者有效率接近,无统计学差异。A、B组疾病进展时间分别是7．5个月和5．...     

广西扶绥肝癌防治引发的环境与健康关系的哲学思考

从分析文献资料入手,对环境与健康的关系进行哲学思考。广西扶绥以玉米为主食的人群,因摄入过量黄曲霉素及饮用污染塘水,导致肝癌高发和高死亡率;而减少黄曲霉素摄入量、改饮清洁水,肝癌发生率和死亡率随之降低。因此,环境与健康相互影响,高温高湿环境诱发玉米产生黄曲霉素,污染塘水存在大量腐殖酸,食之饮之严重危害人的健康;健康意识觉醒,主粮由玉米改为水稻,饮用深井水,健康状况得以改善。在尊重环境与健康相互影响客观性基础上,追求客观性与主观性、人文性的统一。     

Psychological health in long-term cancer survivorship: an Italian survey on depression and anxiety

Since long-term survivorship is now a reality for an increasingly number of people with a history of cancer, understanding their psychological health can inform health care policy as well as help supporting individual patients. This study was aimed to describe depression and anxiety (i.e. two of the most common psychological symptoms reported in oncology) in a sample of Italian long-term cancer survivors (LTCSs) defined as people who have been free from cancer and cancer treatments for at least five years. Four hundred and four Italian adult LTCSs completed a battery of questionnaires including the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and the State Anxiety sub-scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory respectively for depression and anxiety assessment. 16.5% of the sample displayed mild depression, 11.1% moderate depression, and 7.1% severe depression. depression was negatively associated with education (p = .017), perceived social support as provided by the family (p = .028), and perceived social support provided by friends (p = .008), and it was positively associated with occupational status (p = .023), presence of health issues (p = .010), and anxiety (p < .001). 8.7 and 15.8% of the sample were respectively possible and probable cases of anxiety. Anxiety was negatively associated with occupational status (p = .038) and it was positively associated with depression (p < .001). These data support ongoing assessment and monitoring of depression and anxiety in LTCSs, and stimulate the development and testing of psychological interventions for such individuals. In addition, they encourage further study on the psychological health of this specific population.     

Relationship between religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth in patients with cancer in southeast of Iran

Information about religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth is limited in Iranian cancer patients. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth among cancer patients in Iran. This correlational study included a convenience sample of 200 eligible cancer patients who were hospitalized in the oncology wards and outpatient clinics. Using Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Religious Beliefs Scale, data were collected. Findings showed that, the total mean score of PTG was 93.81 (SD?=?15.25). Among the categories, the lowest score belonged to “appreciation of life” component (7.67±1.99), and the highest score belonged to “spiritual change” component (67.49 ± 17.78). The mean score of Religious Beliefs Scale was 67.20 (12.35). Post-traumatic growth positively correlated with religious beliefs (r?=?.345; p?=?.001). The results suggest that, information about religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth should be included in the continuous and in-service education of cancer patients and nurses who work with them.     

从混沌角度浅谈凋亡悖论

细胞凋亡是生命科学研究的热点之一,随着近年来研究的愈加深入,新的发现对传统凋亡机制及观念提出了挑战,凋亡悖论应运而生。凋亡悖论的提出是一个值得深入探讨的哲学问题,表明需要对当前科学研究中的还原论方法和线性思维方式进行深刻反思,这提示对于生命现象这类复杂系统科学研究需要混沌思维。     

丙酸睾丸酮对MCF－7荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长的影响及临床意义

观察不同剂量丙酸睾丸酮对MCF-7荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长的影响,并探讨其可能机制和临床意义。构建MCF-7荷瘤裸鼠,再用不同浓度的丙酸睾丸酮（50mg／kg,400mg／kg）及化疗药物（表阿霉素）进行干预,比较各组实验鼠肿瘤的生长情况,并用微粒子发光法检测裸鼠血清睾丸酮的含量,用流式细胞技术检测肿瘤中雄激素受体的表达。发现...     

大肠癌靶向药物治疗进展评述

21世纪以来,靶向药物如抗VEGF的人源化单克隆抗体(Bevacizumab,贝伐单抗)和抗EGFR单克隆抗体(人鼠嵌合性单抗Cetuximab,C225,西妥昔单抗和全人源化单抗EGFR抗体,Panitumumab,帕尼单抗)的临床应用,已使复发转移性结直肠癌患者的总生存取得了长足的进步,但临床上应如何更加合理有效地使用这些药物,仍有许多亟待解决的问题。     

遗传与环境在食管癌发生发展中的作用

食管癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,有明显的地域分布特征,提示环境起着主要作用。但近年来有大量研究表明遗传因素在食管癌的发生中起着不可忽视的作用。食管癌是多种因素作用,多基因参与的疾病,是环境与遗传共同作用的结果。