PTEN、p53和BAG-1在三阴乳腺癌中的表达及意义

为了研究PTEN、p53和BAG-1在三阴乳腺癌中的表达情况及临床病理意义,并讨论三者之间的关系.采用免疫组织化学SP法检测89例三阴乳腺癌中PTEN、p53、BAG-1的表达,其阳性表达率分别为44.9％、47.2％、73.0％,三者的表达均与患者的病理组织学分级、淋巴结转移情况有关（P＜0.05）.PTEN的表达与p53、BAG-1表达呈负相关;BAG-1与p53的表达呈正相关,提示三者在三阴乳腺癌中的表达存在一定关联性,临床上联合检测三者可能为TNBC预后评估、患者的个体化治疗提供一定的参考.     

Tyrosine ameliorates heat induced delay in event related potential P300 and contingent negative variation

The efficacy of tyrosine, a catecholamine precursor, as a countermeasure in the reduction of cognitive decline during heat exposure (HE) using event-related potential P300, and contingent negative variation (CNV) was evaluated. Ten healthy males, age 20–30 years participated in the study. Volunteers received placebo or tyrosine (6.5 g) 90 min prior to HE (1.5 h in 45 °C + 30% RH). P300 latency was significantly increased (p < 0.01) during exposure with placebo, which was reduced significantly (p < 0.01) after tyrosine supplementation. There was an increase in CNV M100 latency (p < 0.05) and reaction time (p < 0.01) and decrease in M100 amplitude (p < 0.01) during HE with placebo, which returns to near normal level with the tyrosine administration. A significantly higher plasma norepinephrine (p < 0.05), dopamine and epinephrine levels were detected in tyrosine supplemented group post heat exposure. HE increases the brain catecholamine activity thereby reduces the plasma norepinephrine and dopamine level leading to a reduction in cognitive performances. Tyrosine supplementation increases the catecholamine level and reduces the impairment of cognitive performance during HE.     

Neurophysiological indices of free recall memory biases in major depression: The impact of stimulus arousal and valence

This study examined differential impact of the valence and arousal characteristics of stimuli on memory biases and brain activity in major depressive disorder (MDD) and non-depressed control participants. P300 and slow wave (SW) components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) were recorded in 18 MDD and 18 control individuals during the encoding of positive and negative, high and low arousal words in a free recall task. Control participants demonstrated expected enhanced memory for positive stimuli that was accompanied by a corresponding increase in SW ERP components. These effects were not seen in the MDD participants. Rather, memory biases for negative information in MDD were only observed for low arousal words and were not reflected in ERP amplitudes. This study suggests that the inconsistency in the MDD memory bias literature may be related to the arousing nature of the stimuli incorporated in the study.     

少年儿童音乐静坐训练对听觉失匹配负波与P300的影响及其意义

在静坐前后,测定２３例经半年音乐静坐训练（实验组）和未经训练（对照组）的１３岁少年的听觉失匹配负波（ＭＭＮ）和Ｐ３００。结果发现,实验组的ＭＭＮ波幅和面积均比对照组显著增高．并且ＭＭＮ变化发生在组间而不是一次静坐前后,但Ｐ３００没有显著性变化。提示实验组的ＭＭＮ效应是长期的而不是短时的;在本实验条件下评定正常人脑的某些认知功能．ＭＭＮ是比Ｐ３００更为灵敏的电生理学指标。     

基于自我参照编码的复合反应范式：有效鉴别有罪者和无罪知情者

隐藏信息测试在司法实践中应用受限的主要原因是容易将知道犯罪相关信息的无罪知情者误判为有罪者, 因此, 需探索有效区分有罪者和无罪知情者、有罪者和无罪不知情者的测谎技术。复合反应范式(complex trial protocol, CTP)是一种能有效抵抗反测谎的隐藏信息测试, 但尚未成功用于鉴别有罪者和无罪知情者。本研究设计了可同时测量EPN和P300的基于自我参照编码的CTP, 每个试次的第一部分随机呈现探测刺激或无关刺激, 第二部分随机呈现目标刺激(自己姓名)或非目标刺激(他人姓名), 要求被试在两个部分看到刺激时均做“与我有关”和“与我无关”的反应。结果表明, 基于自我参照编码的CTP能有效区分有罪者和无罪知情者, EPN区分有罪者和无罪知情者的鉴别力优于P300, P300区分有罪者和无罪不知情者的鉴别力优于EPN。     

反馈效价影响家族相似性类别学习的ERPs研究

采用事件相关电位技术,以大学生为被试,运用被试间实验设计探讨反馈效价（积极反馈,消极反馈）对家族相似性类别学习的影响。研究结果表明,行为结果上相比积极反馈,消极反馈在推理测验中的成绩显著优于积极反馈。脑电结果上,P200,P300和FRN均与家族相似性类别学习中的反馈加工有关;家族相似性类别学习中,积极反馈与消极反馈存在不对称性。相比于无反馈的条件,P300对消极反馈更加的敏感,消极反馈诱发更大的波幅,而P300对于有无积极反馈并不敏感。说明消极反馈条件下,吸引学习者投入更多的注意资源进行认知加工。此外,相比无反馈条件下,消极反馈条件下FRN有更大的激活,说明了消极反馈对被试以后的行为起着更大的调节作用。总之,研究表明相比于积极反馈,消极反馈对家族相似性类别学习更加有效,错误驱动发挥较大作用。     

Where has all the inhibition gone? Insights from electrophysiological measures into negative priming without probe distractors

Responses to probe targets that have been distractors in a prime display are slower than responses to unrepeated stimuli, a finding labeled negative priming (NP). However, without probe distractors the NP effect usually diminishes. The present study is the first to investigate ERP correlates of NP without probe distractors to shed light on the processes underlying NP. Based on existing findings in the field, we analyzed two ERP correlates that have been associated with the visual NP effect so far, namely the N200 and the P300. As expected, no behavioral NP effect as well as no N200 modulation emerged. However, the P300 component was enhanced when a prime distractor was repeated as the probe target. This effect is interpreted as reflecting automatic retrieval of the prime episode occurring independently of the presence of probe distractors.