介入性超声在卵巢囊肿中的治疗价值

卵巢囊肿是妇科常见病变,囊肿体积增大压迫邻近脏器及结构时会引起相应的症状或功能障碍。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,超声介入治疗卵巢囊肿不失为操作简单、有效的微创性治疗手段。     

SACRED LAW RECONSIDERED

People everywhere search for answers by using the resources of their traditions. They wish to do so in a legitimate way, and so they consult official institutions, specialists, and skilled individuals for their opinions; regardless of religious or cultural contexts, the common aim of these experts is to produce security, unity, and trust. Therefore, the norm‐finding processes in Islamic and Western contexts share fundamental similarities: the problem of finding a final ground for judgment, the strategies of constructing coherence and of organizing consensus, and the difficulties of obtaining legitimacy. What makes one debate “Islamic” and the other one “Western” is the different semantic materials, the different authorities, the different languages, and the different juridical frameworks. In my comparison of Muslim and Western discourses and practices, I conclude that Muslim and non‐Muslim scholars tend to overemphasize the uniqueness of Muslim legal and practical responses to bioethical challenges, because they restrict their purview to legal opinions, ignoring larger dynamics of legitimization.     

骨髓造血干细胞移植治疗自身免疫性疾病的进展

自身免疫疾病发病机制复杂,目前尚缺少有效的治疗方法。近年来发现造血干细胞移植可以通过免疫重建显著缓解甚至治愈自身免疫病。笔者对近年来造血干细胞移植治疗自身免疫病进行了介绍和综述,就其在1型糖尿病这一领域的研究进展进行了述评,探讨造血干细胞移植用于治疗自身免疫病的前景和待解决的问题。     

我国器官移植中供体不足的原因分析及对策

器官移植对于挽救晚期脏器功能衰竭病人的生命具有极其重要的意义,我国器官移植起步较晚,多种因素限制器官移植的发展,其中供体不足是关键因素之一.分析器官移植中供体不足的原因,认为冲破传统观念的束缚,加大宣传力度,加快立法步伐是我国器官移植中供体不足亟待解决的问题.     

精原干细胞移植治疗男性不育症的伦理学问题

精原干细胞是精子发生的起始,精原干细胞既能分化产生成熟精子又具有自我更新能力以维持自身数量的恒定。精原干细胞移植技术应用于治疗男性不育症,只需将一定数量的供体干细胞植入到受体睾丸的精曲小管内,就能重新建立生精功能。显然,精原干细胞移植在治疗男性不育症有广阔的前景,同时使传统的道德伦理面临着前所未有的困惑。     

Bioethics in the Making: “Ideal Patients” and the Beginnings of Face Transplant Surgery in Mexico

Medical teams around the world are increasingly gaining ethical clearance to utilise face transplant surgery as a reconstructive surgical procedure. Analysis of the beginnings of the operation in Mexico vis-à-vis the early uptake of the procedure in France reveals that this controversial experimental medical field has become loaded with national significance. The primary issue of dispute has been the dependence on life-threatening immunosuppressant therapy in a procedure that treats otherwise biologically healthy people. Attempts to resolve related debate has resulted in the emergence of what my interlocutors refer to as an “ideal patient”, a person whose particular state of health and suffering render them operable within the current biomedical constraints. Drawing together the idiom of coproduction with the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries shows how this imagined patient category was refracted and stabilised as it entered into the Mexican context whilst producing patients and surgical experts as particular types of bioethical subjects. The flexibility and normative value of the “ideal patient” mobilises and is mobilised by surgeons, who themselves emerge as national bioethical subjects responsible for saving the face of nations in the midst of broader changes surrounding how State's should respond to medical advancement.     

《人体器官移植条例》颁布后面临的问题与对策

《人体器官移植条例》规范引导着我国器官移植健康发展,然而,随着《条例》对器官移植供、受者条件的严格限制,尸体供器官数量迅速下降,亲属活体移植逐步占据主导地位,由此引发一系列问题。结合《条例》,就器官来源短缺、保障活体供者安全、亲属活体供者选择和器官移植伦理委员会作用等问题做出较详细的分析,提出解决方法和对策。     

身份认同：“换脸术”引发的哲学思考与解读

“换脸”打破了面孔和身份一一对应的关系,该如何理解术后“身份主体”问题呢？具身性和故事叙事的方式是以身体作为理解世界的视角或者通过对其生活经历的叙述界定身份问题,然而具身性忽视了脸的双重维度的区分,故事叙事则有主观重置的嫌疑。一种可能的路径是将新面孔看作过渡客体,逐渐将异组织移植同化为受者的完全一体化,“脸”作为一种符号使用,其意义在于日常生活的互动。这种策略可使受者在现实和虚幻之间作出区分,更易于重塑身份认同。虽然心理排异和“被侵占”等问题仍需进一步调整,但它仍不失为一种合理路径。

     

同种异体卵巢移植的伦理学思考

卵巢是女性重要的生殖和内分泌器官, 卵巢移植技术为丧失卵巢功能的患者提供了恢复生殖和内分泌功能新的方法。在简单介绍当前卵巢移植技术的研究进展及临床应用现状的基础上, 指出该项技术存在的供体来源不足及受体选择无明确标准等问题, 并对活体、胎儿或者尸体卵巢供体的利用以及受体所生子女的归属与社会关系等伦理问题展开讨论, 提出积极发展和推广同种异体卵巢移植技术的同时, 推动人们更新器官移植观念, 进一步制定和完善相关法律法规是解决该项技术伦理问题的关键。     

Current status of psychological research in organ transplantation

Research addressing the psychological concomitants of organ transplantation is reviewed. Specifically, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial correlates of kidney, heart, liver, and bone marrow transplantation in both children and adults are discussed. Despite several conceptual and methodological shortcomings of the psychologically-based research in this area, results seem to indicate that organ transplantation is associated with many psychological issues at pretransplantation, posttransplantation, and follow-up periods. Implications of these general findings for the advancing roles of the health psychologist in organ transplantation are discussed.