额叶与非额叶脑肿瘤患者分心记忆和符号数字作业的比较研究

本文以95例额叶、颞叶和顶枕叶脑肿瘤患者为被试,探讨了脑肿瘤部位同分心记忆和符号数字的关系。结果表明,额叶患者的故事意义分的分心消耗值显著高于正常人,其词的分心回忆和分心消耗值显著差于颞叶组,表明额叶在分心作业中较颞叶参与较多。右顶叶也有涉及分心注意较多的趋势,提示大脑前部可能与分心注意关系较密切。“符号数字”作业中,则“写”的作业有颞叶组好于额叶组,“说”的作业颞叶组好于顶枕组的趋势。     

肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤治疗

肿瘤可看作是由功能异质性的细胞群体所组成的,具有不定增殖能力的异常器官。最近提出的肿瘤干细胞学说认为肿瘤起源于干细胞,肿瘤生长是肿瘤组织中极少量具有特殊细胞表面标志的肿瘤干细胞增殖的结果。因此治疗的关键应是针对肿瘤干细胞,通过靶向肿瘤干细胞及其异常调节的信号转导通路来治疗肿瘤。这对传统的治疗方式提出了巨大挑战,也为有效地根治肿瘤开辟了新的思路。     

保留子宫动脉筋膜内子宫切除术对卵巢功能的影响

为了探讨保留子宫动脉上行支筋膜内子宫切除术对卵巢功能的影响,将90例符合条件的患者,随机分成研究组（行保留子宫动脉上行支筋膜内子宫切除术）和对照组（行筋膜内子宫切除术）,重点观察两组手术对卵巢功能的影响。对照组血卵泡刺激素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）术后与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组更年期症状的发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。保留子宫动脉上行支筋膜内子宫切除术术后近期卵巢功能影响小,远期效果有待观察。     

Performance-based and parent ratings of attention in children treated for a brain tumor: The significance of radiation therapy and tumor location on outcome

Children are at increased risk for cognitive difficulties following the diagnosis and treatment of a brain tumor. Radiation therapy (RT) and tumor location are commonly-cited predictors of neurocognitive functioning. Disruptions to foundational neurocognitive processes such as attention, working memory, and processing speed underlie declines on measures of general intellectual functioning. While several studies have examined visual sustained attention in pediatric brain tumor patients, auditory sustained attention has yet to be examined. This study employs a longitudinal design to examine performance-based and parent ratings of attention in children undergoing surgical resection of a brain tumor (n = 29) and treated with (n = 11) or without (n = 18) RT at 6.79 months post-surgery (baseline) and then again at 30.56 months post-surgery (follow-up). The measures include an auditory continuous performance test (CPT) and parent ratings of attention and hyperactivity on a behavior rating scale. Ultimately, children treated with and without RT performed similarly on performance-based and parent ratings of attention. However, the performance on the auditory CPT differed according to tumor location, with children with infratentorial tumors committing more inattention and inhibitory control errors compared to children with supratentorial tumors. Parent ratings did not differ according to tumor location, and parent ratings and auditory sustained attention performance are not significantly correlated. The findings are interpreted in the context of neurocognitive and brain development.     

抑癌基因ARIDlA的研究进展

SWI／SNF复合物是一种ATP依赖的染色质重塑复合物。ARIDlA蛋白是SWI／SNF的亚基之一,具有非序列特异性DNA结合活性,参与DNA的复制、转录、修复、重组等。在消化道肿瘤、妇科肿瘤、肺腺癌等多种肿瘤中存在频繁的基因突变。可能通过上调P21、P53及下调c—Myc、E2F反应基因等发挥抑癌作用。本文介绍了ARIDlA基因的分子特征、作用机制及与多种肿瘤的关系,以期对该抑癌基因有全面深入的了解。     

Identification of cognitive profiles among women considering BRCA1/2 testing through the utilisation of cluster analytic techniques

Based on the cognitive-social health information processing model, we identified cognitive profiles of women at risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Prior to genetic counselling, participants (N?=?171) completed a study questionnaire concerning their cognitive and affective responses to being at genetic risk. Using cluster analysis, four cognitive profiles were generated: (a) high perceived risk/low coping; (b) low value of screening/high expectancy of cancer; (c) moderate perceived risk/moderate efficacy of prevention/low informativeness of test result; and (d) high efficacy of prevention/high coping. The majority of women in Clusters One, Two and Three had no personal history of cancer, whereas Cluster Four consisted almost entirely of women affected with cancer. Women in Cluster One had the highest number of affected relatives and experienced higher levels of distress than women in the other three clusters. These results highlight the need to consider the psychological profile of women undergoing genetic testing when designing counselling interventions and messages.     

Tumor Locus Moderates Anxiety Symptoms in a Pediatric Neuro-Oncologic Sample

Despite the prevalence of pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) solid tumors, little is understood about patients' disease-related anxiety experience. Data from 25 remitted pediatric CNS tumor patients posttreatment were collected. Significant symptoms of anxiety were reported by 32% of patients. MRI studies showed all anxious patients had right cortical tumors or left cerebellar tumors. Confound analyses suggest these results are not better accounted for by demographic, disease, or treatment variables. These results evidence the risk some pediatric neuro-oncologic patients face for developing significant anxiety symptoms.     

高凝状态肿瘤患者抗凝联合化疗的临床观察

观察伴高凝状态恶性肿瘤患者抗凝联合化疗的临床疗效.观察组68例,给予一线标准方案化疗,同时给予低分子肝素钙6 000U,1次/d,皮下注射,阿司匹林100mg口服,1次/d,21d为1个周期,共2个周期.对照组56例,给予一线标准方案化疗.结果显示,治疗组和对照组有效率分别为23.69％和19.44％,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组和对照组生存状态评分(KPS)改善率分别为64.71％和35.39％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组出现了纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、组织因子(TF)和D-二聚体(D-D)含量的降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).从而得出伴高凝状态恶性肿瘤患者进行抗凝联合化疗,临床疗效较好,同时可以降低血液高凝状态和血栓形成的风险.     

阴式手术在卵巢良性肿瘤手术中的地位

为了探讨阴式手术在卵巢良性肿瘤手术中的重要性,通过回顾性分析解放军总医院2003年～2006年间收治的卵巢良性肿瘤患者60例(阴式、腹腔镜、开腹手术各20例),对3种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后病率、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间进行比较,进而拓展到我院多种疑难阴式手术情况和结局。结果显示,对于卵巢良性肿瘤,阴式组手术时间短,恢复快,术后病率少。提示阴式手术在卵巢良性肿瘤手术中居于非常重要的地位。     

肿瘤免疫编辑理论与树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤策略的思考

利用树突状细胞瘤苗提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究热点。根据肿瘤免疫编辑理论,肿瘤免疫可分为清除、平衡和逃逸3个阶段。应用该理论阐述应用树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤的策略具有重要意义。