辅助生殖技术与女性生殖系统肿瘤的关系及其辩证思考

辅助生殖技术给不孕患者带来了希望,为肿瘤患者保留了生育能力,另一方面也可能导致女性生殖系统肿瘤和一系列伦理学问题。因此,用哲学的观点客观地看待辅助生殖技术与女性生殖系统肿瘤发生风险之间的关系,将有助于临床医生进一步提高辅助生殖技术安全性的认识,选择最佳的促排卵方案。     

分化抑制因子-1研究的回顾及展望

通过对分化抑制因子-1研究的回顾,阐明了分化抑制因子-1在细胞分化、增殖、肿瘤的发生、侵袭、血管生成和抗凋亡中的作用,认识到分化抑制因子-1作为肿瘤治疗重要靶点的前景。并从哲学的角度说明在分化抑制因子-1认识过程的体会和展望,认为用哲学的观念进行科学研究,可以深化认识,获得更加可靠的结论。     

肿瘤免疫中的细胞凋亡

在肿瘤免疫编辑的三个阶段：清除、平衡和逃逸,细胞凋亡发挥重要作用。清除阶段,免疫细胞通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡发挥免疫清除作用;平衡阶段,在免疫选择作用下,肿瘤细胞凋亡促进肿瘤恶性演进;逃逸阶段,肿瘤细胞凋亡耐受性增强,进而反向促使免疫细胞凋亡,削弱肌体免疫力,产生免疫耐受。     

肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤治疗

肿瘤可看作是由功能异质性的细胞群体所组成的,具有不定增殖能力的异常器官。最近提出的肿瘤干细胞学说认为肿瘤起源于干细胞,肿瘤生长是肿瘤组织中极少量具有特殊细胞表面标志的肿瘤干细胞增殖的结果。因此治疗的关键应是针对肿瘤干细胞,通过靶向肿瘤干细胞及其异常调节的信号转导通路来治疗肿瘤。这对传统的治疗方式提出了巨大挑战,也为有效地根治肿瘤开辟了新的思路。     

4例肾上腺区局限性Castleman病临床诊治分析

探讨肾上腺区局限性Castleman病的临床特点及诊治方法。回顾性分析4例经术后病理证实的肾上腺区局限性 Castle-man病患者的临床资料,并结合文献复习讨论Castleman病的临床特点及诊治方法。结果4例肾上腺区局限性Castleman病均顺利手术切除,术后随访1个月～22个月,未见肿瘤复发。Castleman病临床上少见,表现为不明原因的淋巴结肿大,临床表现无特异性,最终确诊依靠病理诊断。病变可发生在淋巴组织的任何部位,肾上腺区罕见,手术切除为首选治疗。     

额叶与非额叶脑肿瘤患者分心记忆和符号数字作业的比较研究

本文以95例额叶、颞叶和顶枕叶脑肿瘤患者为被试,探讨了脑肿瘤部位同分心记忆和符号数字的关系。结果表明,额叶患者的故事意义分的分心消耗值显著高于正常人,其词的分心回忆和分心消耗值显著差于颞叶组,表明额叶在分心作业中较颞叶参与较多。右顶叶也有涉及分心注意较多的趋势,提示大脑前部可能与分心注意关系较密切。“符号数字”作业中,则“写”的作业有颞叶组好于额叶组,“说”的作业颞叶组好于顶枕组的趋势。     

抑癌基因ARIDlA的研究进展

SWI／SNF复合物是一种ATP依赖的染色质重塑复合物。ARIDlA蛋白是SWI／SNF的亚基之一,具有非序列特异性DNA结合活性,参与DNA的复制、转录、修复、重组等。在消化道肿瘤、妇科肿瘤、肺腺癌等多种肿瘤中存在频繁的基因突变。可能通过上调P21、P53及下调c—Myc、E2F反应基因等发挥抑癌作用。本文介绍了ARIDlA基因的分子特征、作用机制及与多种肿瘤的关系,以期对该抑癌基因有全面深入的了解。     

Identification of cognitive profiles among women considering BRCA1/2 testing through the utilisation of cluster analytic techniques

Based on the cognitive-social health information processing model, we identified cognitive profiles of women at risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Prior to genetic counselling, participants (N?=?171) completed a study questionnaire concerning their cognitive and affective responses to being at genetic risk. Using cluster analysis, four cognitive profiles were generated: (a) high perceived risk/low coping; (b) low value of screening/high expectancy of cancer; (c) moderate perceived risk/moderate efficacy of prevention/low informativeness of test result; and (d) high efficacy of prevention/high coping. The majority of women in Clusters One, Two and Three had no personal history of cancer, whereas Cluster Four consisted almost entirely of women affected with cancer. Women in Cluster One had the highest number of affected relatives and experienced higher levels of distress than women in the other three clusters. These results highlight the need to consider the psychological profile of women undergoing genetic testing when designing counselling interventions and messages.     

Tumor Locus Moderates Anxiety Symptoms in a Pediatric Neuro-Oncologic Sample

Despite the prevalence of pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) solid tumors, little is understood about patients' disease-related anxiety experience. Data from 25 remitted pediatric CNS tumor patients posttreatment were collected. Significant symptoms of anxiety were reported by 32% of patients. MRI studies showed all anxious patients had right cortical tumors or left cerebellar tumors. Confound analyses suggest these results are not better accounted for by demographic, disease, or treatment variables. These results evidence the risk some pediatric neuro-oncologic patients face for developing significant anxiety symptoms.     

高凝状态肿瘤患者抗凝联合化疗的临床观察

观察伴高凝状态恶性肿瘤患者抗凝联合化疗的临床疗效.观察组68例,给予一线标准方案化疗,同时给予低分子肝素钙6 000U,1次/d,皮下注射,阿司匹林100mg口服,1次/d,21d为1个周期,共2个周期.对照组56例,给予一线标准方案化疗.结果显示,治疗组和对照组有效率分别为23.69％和19.44％,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组和对照组生存状态评分(KPS)改善率分别为64.71％和35.39％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组出现了纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、组织因子(TF)和D-二聚体(D-D)含量的降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).从而得出伴高凝状态恶性肿瘤患者进行抗凝联合化疗,临床疗效较好,同时可以降低血液高凝状态和血栓形成的风险.