Spiritual Coping, Family History, and Perceived Risk for Breast Cancer—Can We Make Sense of it?

Differences in spiritual beliefs and practices could influence perceptions of the role of genetic risk factors on personal cancer risk. We explored spiritual coping and breast cancer risk perceptions among women with and without a reported family history of breast cancer. Analyses were conducted on data from 899 women in primary care clinics who did not have breast cancer. Structural equation modeling (SEM), linear, and logistic modeling tested an interaction of family history of breast cancer on the relationship between spiritual coping and risk perceptions. Overall analyses demonstrated an inverse relationship between spiritual coping and breast cancer risk perceptions and a modifying effect of family history. More frequent spiritual coping was associated with lower risk perceptions for women with positive family histories, but not for those with negative family histories. Results support further research in this area that could influence communication of risk information to cancer genetic counseling patients.     

恶性肿瘤多学科综合诊疗模式的探讨

恶性肿瘤的治疗方法和理念不断更新,依靠单一治疗方法很难取得理想效果,多学科综合诊疗(MDT)模式是以患者为中心和以多学科专家组为依托的多种诊疗模式的有机结合,保障了肿瘤患者最佳诊疗方案的实施,促进了学科间的交流和了解.资料显示,MDT是恶性肿瘤患者改善结局的最好模式.推广和完善MDT模式将有助于我国医疗资源共享,减少误诊误治,改善肿瘤患者预后,提高存活率.     

恶性肿瘤多学科综合诊疗模式的探讨

恶性肿瘤的治疗方法和理念不断更新,依靠单一治疗方法很难取得理想效果,多学科综合诊疗（MDT）模式是以患者为中心和以多学科专家组为依托的多种诊疗模式的有机结合,保障了肿瘤患者最佳诊疗方案的实施,促进了学科间的交流和了解.资料显示,MDT是恶性肿瘤患者改善结局的最好模式.推广和完善MDT模式将有助于我国医疗资源共享,减少误诊误治,改善肿瘤患者预后,提高存活率.     

Rural breast cancer patients,coping and depressive symptoms: A prospective comparison study

Many studies have revealed that individual differences in coping responses to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are associated with psychological adjustment. The vast majority of these studies, however, focus exclusively on urban breast cancer survivors despite that rural breast cancer survivors are likely to have distinct experiences both in general and in relation to breast cancer. The current study quantitatively examined the coping strategies employed by both rural and urban breast cancer patients while they were undergoing radiation therapy. Further, the influence of these coping behaviours on concurrent as well as subsequent depressive symptoms (3 and 6 months later) was examined. The results revealed that the rurality of breast cancer patients was unrelated to the ways in which they coped, but did influence the relationships between some coping responses and depressive symptoms. Specifically, active coping and positive reinterpretation were negatively related to depressive symptoms for more rural breast cancer patients, but not their relatively urban counterparts. Similarly, behavioural disengagement was more strongly related to depressive symptoms for more rural patients. Possible reasons for this pattern of results and implications are discussed.     

Illness representations and distress in women undergoing screening for familial ovarian cancer

Women with a familial or genetic predisposition to ovarian cancer are at significantly increased risk of developing the disease, and this warrants effective risk management strategies. A clinical trial of ovarian cancer screening (OCS) is being conducted to establish the effectiveness of this risk management strategy. This article reports data from its psychological partner study which aims to evaluate the psychological effects of OCS. Leventhal's Self-Regulatory Model provided the theoretical framework for understanding emotional responses to OCS. The revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R) is based on this model and the IPQ-R, adapted to the risk of ovarian cancer, was completed by women (N?=?1999) prior to screening. The original IPQ-R factor structure was not replicated but IPQ-R variables explained 14.70% of the variance in women's ovarian cancer-specific distress after controlling for age, general anxiety and depression. Negative emotional representations of ovarian cancer risk and general anxiety were moderately associated with greater ovarian cancer-specific distress whereas cognitive illness representations were weakly related to ovarian cancer-specific distress. Further analyses of data from the ongoing psychological evaluation are needed to determine the predictive utility of IPQ-R variables in explaining distress during OCS.     

不同手术方式对早期肺癌患者凝血功能的影响

为了研究不同手术方式对早期肺癌患者凝血功能的影响,选取早期肺癌患者51例分为常规开胸组和电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)组。观察患者手术前后凝血指标的变化及临床表现。结果显示术前开胸组和VATS组患者各指标无差别。术后两组患者都出现凝血酶原时间(PT)延长,活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)缩短,纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D二聚体(D-D)升高,血小板计数(PLT)术后第3天降低而术后第7天升高。术后开胸组较VATS组患者术后第1、3天Fib、D-D升高。开胸组出现1例肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)。就此得出结论VATS组和常规开胸组患者术后都处于高血凝状态,但开胸组患者术后早期更易出现血栓栓塞。     

手辅助电视胸腔镜食管癌切除术的诞生

2002年山东省立医院发明了手辅助电视胸腔镜食管癌切除术.在这个创新过程中运用科学的思维方法解决了一系列问题,探索出一条微创技术治疗食管癌的新途径,这个新的手术方式也是在不断改进的.     

循证医学与卵巢癌的治疗

循证医学(EBM)是在临床实践中通过科学的方法获得最充分的证据,并对病人做出最佳诊治决策的一门科学。目前卵巢癌的治疗还存在很多不规范的问题,利用循证医学观点来指导卵巢癌治疗方案的选择,对保留患者的生育功能、生理功能、提高生活质量有着重要的指导意义。     

Processing speed in children treated for brain tumors: effects of radiation therapy and age

The current study examined processing speed in children two years post-treatment for brain tumors (BT) with radiation therapy (RT) compared to those treated with without RT. Participants included 59 children (4–17 years) with BT assessed as part of the Brain Radiation Investigative Study Consortium (BRISC). Processing speed was assessed at two time points: Time1 (3–9 months post-surgery) for 26 children who received whole brain or focal RT (RT group) and 33 treated without RT (no-RT group), and again two years later (Time2) for 42 participants (17 RT, 25 no-RT). Linear mixed effects (LME) regression analyses examined differences in cognitive and motor speed between groups and across visits, with age at Time1 (age1) treated as a moderating variable, and sex and primary tumor size as covariates. No effects for treatment group or visit were found for motor speed (Pegboard) or mean reaction time (Attention Network Task). On the Wechsler Processing Speed Index (PSI), the no-RT group performed better than the RT group, with a group-by-age interaction such that across visits, the difference between the no-RT and RT groups was larger among children who were older at initial treatment (≥10 years) than among those who were younger (<10 years). Cumulative brain injury earlier in life (tumor, surgery, plus RT) may result in greater impact on more complex tasks of cognitive efficiency. Children receiving RT showed reduced processing speed over time, with a larger group difference among those who were over 10 years at treatment.