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961.
This paper challenges two myths about voluntary sector counselling, namely (a) that volunteer counsellors and voluntary sector counselling are the same thing, and (b) that standards of practice in the voluntary sector are significantly different from those elsewhere. The paper also argues that voluntary sector counselling nurtures a deeply felt commitment to respond to human need without monetary recompense. Drawing on evidence from a study of voluntary sector counselling in Scotland, we show that a substantial proportion of voluntary sector counselling is undertaken by paid workers, and that many counsellors who volunteer in one setting undertake paid counselling work in another setting. We demonstrate that the majority of voluntary sector counselling agencies in Scotland work within ethical frameworks developed by the professional bodies for counselling, and we argue that these agencies have been at the forefront of efforts to enhance the quality and safety of counselling services available to the public. We identify and illustrate three overlapping reasons why large numbers of highly qualified counsellors give their time and expertise for free: because of their desire to support the work of agencies through which the accessibility of counselling is extended; because volunteer counselling constitutes personally rewarding and meaningful work; and as an expression of their commitment to give freely of themselves. In conclusion we argue that voluntarism is central to counselling, but that parts of the counselling world are at risk of forgetting this core value. 相似文献
962.
The purpose of the present article is to outline the conceptual foundation and practical methodology of the Jacobson-Truax Clinically Significant Change index, derived from psychotherapy outcome research. This way of considering what constitutes clinically significant change in psychotherapy puts a premium on social validation. It empowers clinicians to evaluate the meaningfulness of their client's progress and to communicate that progress to third parties such as other clinicians, researchers, and insurers. Application of the method is demonstrated in the case of a client treated with Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). The discussion focuses on the advantages of this procedure for satisfying the intellectual interest of the practitioner-scientist and for furthering informed discussion of the value in various applications of REBT to clinical problems. 相似文献
963.
Ananish Chaudhuri Sarah Ali Khan Aishwarya Lakshmiratan Anne‐Laure Py Lisa Shah 《决策行为杂志》2003,16(5):331-340
We use a two‐person extensive form bargaining game to explore individuals' trusting and reciprocal behavior and how those relate to their scores on a trust survey. In keeping with prior research, we find that the ‘self‐interested’ outcome is rejected by a majority of individuals. People who score high on the trust survey are both trusting and are also trustworthy, in that they reciprocate others' trust. But people with low‐trust scores often exhibit trust but are not trustworthy. These ‘inconsistent trusters’ seem to be interested in exploiting the trust and trustworthiness of others in increasing their own payoff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
964.
Marianne Leuzinger‐Bohleber Ulrich Stuhr Bernhard Rüger Manfred Beutel 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(2):263-290
How can we study the ‘quality of psychoanalytic treatments’? The authors attempt to answer this question by discussing a naturalistic, multi‐perspective and representative follow‐up study of psychoanalyses and long‐term psychoanalytic psychotherapies. We studied a representative sample (n = 401) of all the patients who had terminated their psychoanalytic treatments with members of the German Psychoanalytical Association (DPV) between 1990 and 1993. Between 70 and 80 per cent of the patients achieved (average 6.5 years after the end of treatment) good and stable psychic changes according to the evaluations of the patients themselves, their analysts, independent psychoanalytic and non‐psychoanalytic experts, and questionnaires commonly applied in psychotherapy research. The evaluation of mental health costs showed a cost reduction through fewer days of sick leave during the seven years following the end of long‐term psychoanalytic treatments. The results achieved using non‐psychoanalytical instruments are complemented by the richness of the idiosyncratic findings, gained by the psychoanalytic research instruments. 相似文献
965.
Marco Chiesa Peter Fonagy Jeremy Holmes 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(3):637-650
This paper discusses the main findings of a prospective study based at the Cassel Hospital, a centre dedicated to the psychoanalytically informed residential treatment of severe personality disorders. The results‐showing that significantly greater improvements on a number of outcome indicators were found in patients exposed to the psychoanalytically informed treatment programmes compared to a general psychiatric approach based on management and pharmacotherapy alone‐underscores the importance and the centrality of the psychoanalytic input in the treatment of severe personality disorders. However, the results of the study also suggested that some features of long‐term hospital treatment might carry the risk of iatrogenic and anti‐therapeutic effects for a sub‐group of patients with severe borderline core pathology. The authors present the clinical and psychodynamic implications of the study results based on an understanding of the internal and interpersonal mode of functioning of borderline patients. 相似文献
966.
Brigette A Erwin Richard G Heimberg Harlan Juster Melissa Mindlin 《Behaviour research and therapy》2002,40(1):19-35
Axis I comorbidity is associated with greater severity of social anxiety disorder. However, the differential effects of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders on symptom severity or treatment outcome have not been investigated. We evaluated 69 persons with uncomplicated social anxiety disorder, 39 persons with an additional anxiety disorder, and 33 persons with an additional mood disorder (with or without additional anxiety disorders). Those with comorbid mood disorders reported greater duration of social anxiety than those with uncomplicated social anxiety disorder. They were also judged, before and after 12 weeks of cognitive-behavioral group treatment and at follow-up, to be more severely impaired than those with no comorbid diagnosis. In contrast, persons with comorbid anxiety disorders were rated as more impaired than those with no comorbid diagnosis on only a single measure. Type of comorbid diagnosis did not result in differential rates of improvement of social anxiety disorder. 相似文献
967.
近十年来一些全国性的大型调查所获得的数据表明:在一定的社会文化环境的影响下,在传统文化心理的积淀中,当代部分青年的伦理认同陷入了实用功利的陷阱,其伦理取向则尚未走出传统的樊篱。 相似文献
968.
Raymond Martin 《Synthese》2008,162(3):325-340
What really matters fundamentally in survival? That question—the one on which I focus—is not about what should matter or about metaphysics. Rather, it is a factual question the answer to which can be determined, if at all, only empirically. I argue that the answer to it is that in the case of many people it is not one’s own persistence, but continuing in ways that may involve one’s own cessation that really matters fundamentally in survival. Call this the surprising result. What are we to make of it? According to several philosophers, not much. I argue that these philosophers are wrong. What best explains the surprising result is that in the case of many people one’s special concern for oneself in the future is not fundamental, but derived. I explain what this means. Finally I explain why the task of explaining empirically what matters fundamentally in survival is in some ways more like a meditative quest than a traditional inquiry in western philosophy or social science and, as such, is best answered not by psychologists, but by philosophers. 相似文献
969.
Instruments designed to assess various aspects of religion are widespread, but few have been constructed to assess specific
religious values and beliefs. The purpose of the present research was to address this limitation by providing preliminary
evidence for the reliability and validity of the Multidimensional 10 Commandments Questionnaire (M10CQ), a self-report instrument
that measures belief in the 10 Commandments. Data from three separate samples provided evidence supporting the reliability
(i.e., internal consistency) of the M10CQ subscales. Other results indicated that women endorsed many of the 10 Commandments
more strongly than men, and that various Commandments predicted people’s mental health (less hostility), their parenting style
(more authoritarian and authoritative parenting), and their interpersonal attachments (a more trusting bond with others).
The findings reported in this research help to identify the ways in which religious values and beliefs are integrated with
multiple aspects of people’s lives. The discussion highlights the usefulness of the Multidimensional 10 Commandments Questionnaire
(M10CQ) for studying religious beliefs and values.
相似文献
William E. Snell Jr.Email: |
970.
Kerri L. Kim Yo Jackson Selby M. Conrad Heather L. Hunter 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(5):735-751
Research consistently shows that children exposed to interparental conflict are at-risk for experiencing psychopathology.
Establishing a link, however, between interparental conflict and maladjustment is not the same as understanding how specific outcomes manifest. Therefore, we examined the relation of interparental conflict and appraisal with adolescent outcome
with 169 high school students (ages 14–19 years). Specifically, threat and self-blame appraisals were hypothesized to mediate
the relation between interparental conflict and both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Results suggest that threat partially
mediated the relation between interparental conflict and externalizing problems, interparental conflict and internalizing
problems, and interparental conflict and adaptive behaviors. Additionally, self-blame appears to partially mediate the relation
between interparental conflict and internalizing problems. Implications of the current findings are discussed. 相似文献