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排序方式: 共有613条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
241.
以226名将汉语作为第二语言的越南大学一到四年级学生为研究对象,以低频独体字、部件熟悉假字和部件不熟悉假字为材料,采用延迟书写任务,考察了不同年级的越南大学生汉字部件意识的发展及其影响因素。结果发现:(1)学习3个月汉语的大一学生能以部件作为汉字加工单元,其延迟书写部件熟悉假字显著好于低频独体字,并与高年级学生没有差异,说明越南大学生很早就发展出了汉字部件意识;(2)不同年级大学生书写部件不熟悉假字的成绩都显著低于部件熟悉假字,也低于低频独体字,表明部件构字能力是越南大学生汉字书写的重要影响因素。(3)越南大一学生的汉字书写成绩受到汉字结构的影响,左右结构优于上下结构,但其他年级的成绩不受汉字结构的影响。 相似文献
242.
汉字听写是小学生读写能力的重要组成部分,受多种认知技能影响。以858名小学一至六年级学生为对象,考察了元语言意识(语音意识、语素意识、正字法意识)和快速命名对汉字听写的影响,在控制了智力和口语词汇的影响后,结果发现:(1)语音意识和正字法意识在低年级儿童的汉字听写中起着重要作用,对中、高年级没有显著影响;(2)快速命名在中、高年级儿童的汉字听写中起着独特作用,而对低年级没有显著影响;(3)语素意识对整个小学阶段的汉字听写都起着重要作用。研究结果表明,各认知技能在儿童不同的发展阶段对汉字听写的作用有所不同。 相似文献
243.
244.
Implicit learning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Implicit learning appears to be a fundamental and ubiquitous process in cognition. Although defining and operationalizingimplicit learning remains a central theoretical challenge, scientists' understanding of implicit learning has progressed significantly. Beyond establishing the existence of "learning without awareness," current research seeks to identify the cognitive processes that support implicit learning and addresses the relationship between learning and awareness of what was learned. The emerging view of implicit learning emphasizes the role of associative learning mechanisms that exploit statistical dependencies in the environment in order to generate highly specific knowledge representations. 相似文献
245.
Lesley Walton 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2003,3(1):65-71
The provision of workplace counselling has risen significantly over the last 20 years in response to the increase in stress‐related illness amongst employees in UK profit‐making organisations. Despite this expansion there is very little exploration of employee attitudes towards this provision. This paper describes a case study of employee attitudes towards counselling in a UK profit‐making organisation utilising an Employee Assistant Programme (EAP) for staff counselling. The method used for the research was a quantitative approach administered using a short questionnaire distributed to employees by e‐mail. The responses to the questionnaire illustrated that most employees were highly aware of the service and believed stress to be the highest presenting issue to the EAP counsellors. However, stress was actually the lowest presenting issue. The results from this study also suggested that managers had a more negative attitude towards counselling than non‐managers. Men and women were found to have the same highly positive attitude towards counselling. Respondents felt that wider, constant and regular positive promotion of counselling, by the employer as well as the EAP, was needed to increase utilisation of the EAP counselling service. Concerns over confidentiality for those using, or contemplating using, the service were also found — as in other studies — but this study found concerns particularly in relation to managers finding out that an employee had attended counselling. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
246.
Parental awareness refers to parents' perceptions and making sense out of children's responses and behaviours. This study examined a theoretical model on the determinants of disturbed parental awareness, with a central place given to Belsky's buffer hypothesis. Maternal characteristics were hypothesized to have direct effects on parental awareness, whereas effects of negative childhood experiences and low levels of social support were regarded as being mediated by maternal characteristics. The model was examined in a community sample of 101 mothers from different socioeconomic backgrounds with a zero‐to‐three infant. Social nurses providing home visits reported on parental awareness, childhood experiences, social support, and maternal characteristics. Results supported a modified model that added a direct pathway between childhood experiences and parental awareness, supporting the intergenerational transmission hypothesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
247.
小学儿童语音意识与汉语拼音能力的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探讨了小学一、三、五年级儿童汉语和英语语音意识与汉语拼音水平的关系。结果发现 ,无论是汉语还是英语语音意识都与汉语拼音水平有显著的相关 ;拼音水平高与低组儿童在汉语和英语语音意识上差异显著 ;汉语拼音成绩较高地预测了汉语语音意识的水平 ,而对英语语音意识没有预测力。 相似文献
248.
Two types of experiments investigate the visual on-line and off-line processing of German ver-verbs (e.g., verbittern ‘to embitter'). In Experiments 1 and 2 (morphological priming), latency patterns revealed the existence of facilitation effects for the morphological conditions (BITTER-VERBITTERN and BITTERN-VERBITTERN) as compared to the neutral conditions (SAUBER-VERBITTERN and SÄUBERN-VERBITTERN). In Experiments 3 and 4 (rating tasks) participants had to judge whether the target (VERBITTERN) “comes from,” “contains a form of,” or “contains the meaning of” the root (BITTER) or the root+en substring (BITTERN). Taken together, these studies revealed the combined influence of the three factors of lexicality (real word status), morphological structure, and semantic transparency. 相似文献
249.
Uriah Kriegel 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2004,3(2):171-193
In this paper, a theoretical account of the functional role of consciousness in the cognitive system of normal subjects is
developed. The account is based upon an approach to consciousness that is drawn from the phenomenological tradition. On this
approach, consciousness is essentially peripheral self-awareness, in a sense to be duly explained. It will be argued that
the functional role of consciousness, so construed, is to provide the subject with just enough information about her ongoing
experience to make it possible for her to easily obtain as much information as she may need. The argument for this account
of consciousness' functional role will proceed in three main stages. First, the phenomenological approach to consciousness
as peripheral self-awareness will be expounded and endorsed. Second, an account of the functional role of peripheral perceptual
awareness will be offered. Finally, the account of the functional role of peripheral self-awareness will be obtained by straightforward
extension from the functional role of peripheral perceptual awareness.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
250.
Situation Awareness and Workload in Aviation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Christopher D. Wickens 《Current directions in psychological science》2002,11(4):128-133
A pilot faces special challenges imposed by the need to control a multivariate lagged system in a heterogeneous multitask environment. The time lags between critical variables require prediction in an uncertain world. The interrelated concepts of situation awareness and workload are central to aviation psychology. Three components of situation awareness are spatial awareness, system awareness, and task awareness. Each of these components has real–world implications, spatial awareness for instrument displays, system awareness for keeping the operator informed about actions that have been taken by automated systems, and task awareness for attention and task management. Task management is directly related to mental workload, as the competing demands of tasks for attention exceed the operator's limited resources. 相似文献