外在特征变化对人像辨认的影响

运用眼动分析法探讨了外在特征变化对人像辨认的影响,即外在特征多少、学习与辨认外在特征的一致性对人像辨认的影响。因变量为人像辨认的反应时、辨别力、注视次数、眼跳幅度。实验表明：学习与辨认的一致性对人像辨认影响显著,外在特征多少对人像辨认影响不显著。     

A study on the theory of “returning to the original” and “recovering nature” in Chinese philosophy

The approach of returning to the original and recovering nature is a typical characteristic of Chinese philosophy. It was founded by the Daoist School and followed by both Daoist and Confucian schools. The precondition of returning to the original and recovering nature is the stillness and goodness within nature integrated into a whole afterwards. Its implementation includes not only returning to the original root so as to achieve the philosophical aim but also restoration to the original nature after it is injured by man’s physical nature and desire. The realization of human nature depends on the work making up for the loss of the original nature. Although there are different methods of realization concerning the return to the original nature, such as returning to the root, seeking the lost mind, extinguishing desire, being good at return, and the self-consciousness of intuitive knowledge, all of these aim at returning to the original nature of stillness and purity. The philosophical value consists in the unceasing pursuit of returning to the original nature.     

钟面画测试及其在ADHD儿童中的研究

钟面画测试被广泛用于研究和测试老年人群中的各种认知缺陷和认知老化,是一种有用的筛选老年痴呆症病人的工具。近年来它也被用于研究正常儿童和ADHD儿童。该文回顾了钟面画测试所涉及的内部认知过程以及影响钟面画测试的各种因素、钟面画测试与执行功能测试之间的相关,并且重点回顾了钟面画测试在正常儿童和ADHD儿童中的研究。由于钟面画测试本身简便、快捷,可以迅速地大规模筛选障碍儿童,在这方面的研究具有重大的实践意义。     

实践社区成员的面子意识对知识传播的影响

为研究中国人面子意识是否影响实践社区及其成员的知识传播过程,采用自编实践社区成员面子意识问卷以及知识传播过程与效果问卷对重庆、银川、南京和上海等地企业的430名实践社区成员进行测量。结果表明:问卷具有良好的信度和效度;男性的面子意识显著高于女性;工作年限为11~15年的被试"面子—能力学识"得分显著高于其他组别;"面子—人际交往"对"投入程度"、"区外获取"及"传播效果"的预测作用都为正向,而"面子—能力学识"对这三项的预测作用均为负向;"面子—人际交往"和"面子—能力学识"是面子的两个独立维度。     

人脸图形识别取样的眼动特征

通过眼动数据的分析,探讨人脸图形识别的取样特征。实验为2×2的被试内设计,自变量为显示条件（良好显示和不良显示）和显示方式（旋转显示和非旋转显示）。实验的因变量有反应时、总注视时间、注视比率、首视点注视时间、注视点数量、扫视总距离、扫视平均距离、正确率等8个指标。被试为12名大学生,刺激材料为10幅中国人脸部图形,主要实验设备是一台Eyelinkll型服动仪。结果发现,显示条件和显示方式对人脸图形识别绩效的影响显著;随着作业难度加大,被试图形识别的首视点注视时间显著增加;人脸图形识别中,显示条件对信息取样注视比率影响显著．而显示方式显著影响信息取样点数量．     

Sweet Gifts: A Jewish Response to Gilbert Meilaender

Judaism, like Gilbert Meilaender, analogizes food and sex. Traditionally, Judaism saw the primary purpose of sex as procreation, the fulfillment of a Biblical mandate. It did not, however, link sex to the Garden of Eden story, and it acknowledged that sex was also important for couples' bonding. While Meilaender sees bonding as a value co-equal with procreation, Judaism traditionally kept procreation as the primary goal. Couples were encouraged to have sex when infertile and were permitted contraception when pregnancy endangered life, but whenever possible, they were directed to also have sex for procreation. Many modern rabbis, in agreement with Meilaender, permit contraception in order to foster bonding as a separate goal of sex. However, reproductive technology is seen, in Judaism, as partnership with God, allowing for a process of birth that is as natural as the process of producing food by farming. Last, when sex is permitted, Judaism celebrate the joy attendant to sex as a Divine gift.     

Overgeneralizing Belonging: Limited Exposure to Baby-Faced Targets Increases the Feeling of Social Belonging

We tested the hypothesis that exposure to babyish faces can serve a social surrogacy function, such that even limited exposure to babyish faces can fulfill social belongingness needs. We manipulated the sex and facial maturity of a target face seen in an imagined social interaction, on a between-participants basis. Regardless of target sex, individuals indicated greater satisfaction of social belongingness needs following an imagined interaction with a babyish face, compared to a mature adult face. These results indicate that brief exposure to babyish (relative to mature) faces, even without an extensive interaction, can lead to the satisfaction of social belongingness needs.     

Bioethics in the Making: “Ideal Patients” and the Beginnings of Face Transplant Surgery in Mexico

Medical teams around the world are increasingly gaining ethical clearance to utilise face transplant surgery as a reconstructive surgical procedure. Analysis of the beginnings of the operation in Mexico vis-à-vis the early uptake of the procedure in France reveals that this controversial experimental medical field has become loaded with national significance. The primary issue of dispute has been the dependence on life-threatening immunosuppressant therapy in a procedure that treats otherwise biologically healthy people. Attempts to resolve related debate has resulted in the emergence of what my interlocutors refer to as an “ideal patient”, a person whose particular state of health and suffering render them operable within the current biomedical constraints. Drawing together the idiom of coproduction with the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries shows how this imagined patient category was refracted and stabilised as it entered into the Mexican context whilst producing patients and surgical experts as particular types of bioethical subjects. The flexibility and normative value of the “ideal patient” mobilises and is mobilised by surgeons, who themselves emerge as national bioethical subjects responsible for saving the face of nations in the midst of broader changes surrounding how State's should respond to medical advancement.     

Conscious awareness is required for holistic face processing

Investigating the limits of unconscious processing is essential to understand the function of consciousness. Here, we explored whether holistic face processing, a mechanism believed to be important for face processing in general, can be accomplished unconsciously. Using a novel “eyes-face” stimulus we tested whether discrimination of pairs of eyes was influenced by the surrounding face context. While the eyes were fully visible, the faces that provided context could be rendered invisible through continuous flash suppression. Two experiments with three different sets of face stimuli and a subliminal learning procedure converged to show that invisible faces did not influence perception of visible eyes. In contrast, surrounding faces, when they were clearly visible, strongly influenced perception of the eyes. Thus, we conclude that conscious awareness might be a prerequisite for holistic face processing.     

Effects of facial expressions on visual short-term memory in relation to alexithymia traits

We examined dysfunctional memory processing of facial expressions in relation to alexithymia. Individuals with high and low alexithymia, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), participated in a visual search task (Experiment 1A) and a change-detection task (Experiments 1B and 2), to assess differences in their visual short-term memory (VSTM). In the visual search task, the participants were asked to judge whether all facial expressions (angry and happy faces) in the search display were the same or different. In the change-detection task, they had to decide whether all facial expressions changed between successive two displays. We found individual differences only in the change-detection task. Individuals with high alexithymia showed lower sensitivity for the happy faces compared to the angry faces, while individuals with low alexithymia showed sufficient recognition for both facial expressions. Experiment 2 examined whether individual differences were observed during early storage or later retrieval stage of the VSTM process using a single-probe paradigm. We found no effect of single-probe, indicating that individual differences occurred at the storage stage. The present results provide new evidence that individuals with high alexithymia show specific impairment in VSTM processes (especially the storage stage) related to happy but not to angry faces.