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701.
702.
Jeffrey J. Walczyk Kevin T. Mahoney Dennis Doverspike Diana A. Griffith-Ross 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(1):33-49
Purpose The purpose of this study was to test a new cognitive lie detection method, time restricted integrity confirmation (Tri-Con),
which uses response time and inconsistencies across answers as cues to deception.
Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from two samples of students enrolled in psychology classes (n = 96 for Experiment 1, n = 99 for Experiment 2). The experimental task required students to lie or tell the truth to questions probing biodata under
time restriction. The foci of questions (such as Academics or Employment History) were chosen because of their relevance to
participants’ lives.
Findings Tri-Con was able to distinguish between truth tellers and liars after controlling for individual differences. In one experiment,
liar-truth teller classification accuracies reached 89%. Mean response times and answer consistency can be used to distinguish
those who lie from those who tell the truth.
Implications Research on cognitive-based lie detectors, such as Tri-Con, hold the potential for developing reliable and valid methods of
screening out employees likely to engage in misconduct and providing deceptive answers to screening questions. A cognitive
lie detector would constitute a paradigm shift away from the polygraph, and could be used in tandem with integrity tests.
Originality/value This study was a preliminary test of a cognitive lie detection method based on a model of cognitive events (the Activation-Decision-Construction
model) when people answer questions deceptively. It constitutes a step in translating laboratory-based cognitive research
into applied technologies for the real world detection of lying, including lying that occurs during pre-employment screening.
Received and reviewed by former editor, George Neuman. 相似文献
703.
Filip De Fruyt Barbara J. De Clercq Joshua Miller Jean‐Pierre Rolland Sung‐Cheol Jung Ruben Taris Adrian Furnham Alain Van Hiel 《欧洲人格杂志》2009,23(1):51-69
This paper demonstrates the validity and usefulness of a count technique to screen for potential personality dysfunctioning in NEO‐PI‐R ratings obtained in selection and professional development assessments. The usefulness of this screening technique for Industrial, Work and Organizational (IWO) psychologists is demonstrated in five different samples that were administered the NEO‐PI‐R for selection or development purposes. Three additional samples served as normative data to compute FFM PD count cut‐offs that can be used for selection and career development decisions. Evidence for the construct validity of 6 out of 10 FFM PD counts was provided, and all FFM PD compound scales were significantly related to important criteria, including the final selection decision, the results of a behaviourally oriented selection interview and self‐rated work competencies. The practical utility and limitations of this count technique for personnel selection and development are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
704.
自然选择与肿瘤转移治疗新策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微环境以自然选择的方式对肿瘤细胞亚群进行选择,使某些亚克隆更加倾向于向某些位置转移。微环境的自然选择是肿瘤转移的前提条件,始终贯穿于肿瘤发生发展的全过程,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤的转移,研究肿瘤转移需要的微环境,通过破坏转移前微环境,达到预防和治疗肿瘤转移的目的,将为肿瘤转移的治疗开创一条新路。 相似文献
705.
We provide a short reply to [Grünwald, P., & Navarro, D. (2009). NML, Bayes and true distributions: A comment on Karabatsos and Walker. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, in press (doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2008.11.005)] comment on the article by [Karabatsos, G., & Walker, S. (2006). On the normalized maximum likelihood and Bayesian decision theory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50, 517-520]. 相似文献
706.
Alex Levine 《Synthese》2009,166(3):593-600
Nineteenth and twentieth century philosophies of science have consistently failed to identify any rational basis for the compelling
character of scientific analogies. This failure is particularly worrisome in light of the fact that the development and diffusion
of certain scientific analogies, e.g. Darwin’s analogy between domestic breeds and naturally occurring species, constitute
paradigm cases of good science. It is argued that the interactivist model, through the notion of a partition epistemology, provides a way to understand the persuasive character of compelling scientific analogies without consigning them to an irrational
or arational context of discovery. 相似文献
707.
Within the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model, we tested a new conception of the relationships between processing and storage in which the core mechanisms of working memory (WM) are time constrained. However, our previous studies were restricted to adults. The current study aimed at demonstrating that these mechanisms are present and functional before adulthood. For this purpose, we investigated the effect on maintenance of the duration of the attentional capture induced by processing. In two experiments using computer-paced WM span tasks, 10-year-olds were asked to maintain letters while performing spatial location judgments. The duration of this processing was manipulated by varying either the discriminability between target locations or the contrast between targets and background. In both experiments, longer processing times resulted in poorer recall, as we observed previously in adults. These findings suggest that the core mechanisms of WM described by the TBRS model are already settled during childhood. 相似文献
708.
Using research into learning from sequences of examples, we generate predictions about what cultural products become widely distributed in the social marketplace of ideas. We investigate what we term the Repetition-Break plot structure: the use of repetition among obviously similar items to establish a pattern, and then a final contrasting item that breaks with the pattern to generate surprise. Two corpus studies show that this structure arises in about a third of folktales and story jokes. An experiment shows that jokes with this structure are more interesting than those without the initial repetition. Thus, we document evidence for how a cognitive factor influences the cultural products that are selected in the marketplace of ideas. 相似文献
709.
David C. Geary Jennifer Byrd-Craven Mary K. Hoard Jacob Vigil Chattavee Numtee 《Developmental Review》2003,23(4):444-470
An evolutionary analysis of the dynamics of one-on-one and coalitional male–male competition provides a theoretical frame for conceptualizing the evolved functions and proximate developmental forms of the social behavior of boys, and for appreciating why the behavior of boys differs from that of girls. We propose the accompanying selection pressures favored the evolution of motivational and behavioral dispositions in boys and men that facilitate the development and maintenance of large, competitive coalitions and result in the formation of within-coalition dominance hierarchies. Empirical research on boys’ social development is reviewed using this frame and implications for interpreting boys’ social behavior are explored. 相似文献
710.
In numerous languages determiner forms depend not only on semantic information but also on several other kinds of information, such as the grammatical gender of the controlling noun or the phonological properties of the context. In the present research we contrasted two possible accounts of determiner retrieval: one in which every type of required information is bundled into a unitized representation for determiner retrieval and one in which each type of information can individually activate determiner forms. These alternative hypotheses were investigated in three experiments in which native speakers of French named pictures with simple [determiner + noun] or complex [determiner + adjective + noun] noun phrases. In the experiments, the properties of the contextual cues that drive the retrieval of the determiner were manipulated - for example, we manipulated the number of determiner forms that are compatible with a given grammatical gender and the number of grammatical genders that a given determiner form can be used with. Neither hypothesis can fully account for the results of the three experiments. However, a hybrid hypothesis that combines the principal features of the two hypotheses provides a good account of the data. 相似文献