双螺旋的发现与生物学的统一

双螺旋的发现和遗传密码的破译是20世纪激动人心的大事。在生物学的这个发展过程中,洛克菲勒基金会对应用物理学方法研究分子生物学问题的资助以及大批物理学家向生物学的转移对分子生物学的发展起到了重要的推动作用。选择战略性的课题,善于学习和鉴别已有的研究成果,站在巨人的肩上,是沃森和克里克成功的关键。双螺旋的发现不仅揭示了遗传的奥秘,而且促进了生物学的统一。     

Social psychology circa 2016: A field on steroids

This paper considers the current state of the field in social psychology. On the one hand, we have made enormous progress in integrating our research with other disciplines, reaching out to general public and using our knowledge toward addressing major societal ills. On the other hand, social psychology has been recently mired in a crisis of confidence concerning the appropriateness of our methods and the robustness of our findings. We propose that shifting our attention to theory, method, and application, as well as away from a pervasive “outcome focus,” can extricate social psychology from its current doldrums and allow it to realize its potential as an indispensable social science.     

积极心理学研究综述--心理学研究的一个新思潮

积极心理学(Positive Psychology)是美国心理学界兴起的一个新的研究领域,现在受到越来越多的研究者的关注。本文介绍了积极心理学的产生背景,基本内容,价值与意义,并在此基础上指出了今后的研究任务。     

"开颅戒毒"的伦理困境

卫生部叫停"开颅戒毒"手术后,最紧要的工作应是:切实做好对人们健康权的保护工作,改变医患之间信息极不对称的现状,改善医学伦理委员会人员结构,依法规范专家资质,制定统一审查程序,明确审查行为的法律责任,以保障医疗工作更加安全.     

浅谈易学文化的传承与发展

本文在综观易学文化发展历史和研究现状的基础上,探讨了当代易学文化传承与发展过程中的主要问题,强调把易学作为独立学科加以科学研究的重要性和必要性,并明确提出一系列观点:应该合理界定易学的名称范畴,密切关注易学文化的传承问题,逐步拟定易学的发展目标.     

The effects of session length on demand functions generated using FR schedules

In comparing open and closed economies, researchers often arrange shorter sessions under the former condition than under the latter. Several studies indicate that session length per se can affect performance and there are some data that indicate that this variable can influence demand functions. To provide further data, the present study exposed domestic hens to series of increasing fixed-ratio schedules with the length of the open-economy sessions varied over 10, 40, 60, and 120 min. Session time affected the total-session response rates and pause lengths. The shortest session gave the greatest response rates and shortest pauses and the longest gave the lowest response rates and longest pauses. The total-session demand functions also changed with session length: The shortest session gave steeper initial slopes (i.e., the functions were more elastic at small ratios) and smaller rates of change of elasticity than the longest session. Response rates, pauses, and demand functions were, however, similar for equivalent periods of responding taken from within sessions of different overall lengths (e.g., total-session data for 10-min sessions and the data for the first 10 min of 120-min sessions). These findings suggest that differences in session length can confound the results of studies comparing open and closed economies when those economies are arranged in sessions that differ substantially in length, hence data for equivalent-length periods of responding, rather than total-session data, should be of primary interest under these conditions.     

记忆过程中海马CA1区神经元的集群放电特征

观察空间工作记忆过程中海马CA1区神经元群的放电特征。应用多通道神经元集群放电记录技术, 同步观察和记录清醒大鼠在执行延迟选择任务时的行为轨迹以及海马CA1区神经元的放电活动。发现：海马CA1区位置细胞的位置野是在学习过程中逐渐形成并可消退; 部分位置细胞的放电对未来目标定向性行为具有预测作用; 在空间工作记忆过程中, 神经元放电之间的相关性加强, 神经元之间以及神经元与局部场电位之间存在相位编码方式。结果提示海马CA1区神经元参与对空间信息的初级编码和加工, 并为未来行为决策提供有效信息, 而且海马对信息的加工是通过局部神经网络进行, 时间编码可能是海马信息加工的重要方式之一。     

Using Quality of Life to Assess Performance in the Disability Services Sector

Measurement of performance is extremely important for not-for-profit agencies in terms of measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of agencies in achieving their goals. Performance indicators assist managers of agencies in strategic decision making and in fulfilling their accountability obligations for the best use of limited resources. This paper argues that not-for-profit agencies that serve people with intellectual disabilities can use quality of life as one measure of agency and/or program performance. This is demonstrated with reference to research conducted on the effect of different methods of employment on the quality of life for people with intellectual disabilities. Effectiveness of agencies and/or programs can be assessed based on comparisons of quality of life outcomes under different methods of employment or by reference to absolute percentage of scale maximum scores and whether homeostasis is defeated.     

A free and simple computerized screening test for visual field defects

About 30–40% of stroke patients suffer from visual field defects following injury. These can interfere with the standard neuropsychological assessment and complicate the interpretation of tests that use visual materials. However, information about the integrity of a patient's central visual field is often unavailable. We, therefore, designed a screening tool, the computerized visual field test (c‐VFT), specifically targeted at providing easily available, but rough, information about patients' central visual field. c‐VFT was tested in two samples of stroke patients. Eleven patients were tested on c‐VFT and on the Esterman test. Five patients were tested on c‐VFT and the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA), central 10‐2. Criterion validity of the c‐VFT was investigated by calculating quadrantwise intraclass correlation for both comparisons. For the HFA comparison, we also calculated point‐to‐point intraclass correlation, sensitivity, and specificity. Analyses revealed moderately good correspondence between c‐VFT and the Esterman test, and between c‐VFT and HFA 10‐2, respectively. When looking specifically at test points within one degree of visual angle apart in the two tests, intraclass correlation increased. For these points, the sensitivity of c‐VFT was 0.89 and specificity was 0.97. While the c‐VFT is not designed to be diagnostic nor to replace the detailed visual field analysis, this study shows that it provides a reasonable screening of the central visual field. The test can easily be used and will be made freely available to neuropsychological clinicians and researchers.     

开放教育学生金钱态度与主观幸福感的关系:社会支持的中介作用

开放教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,加强开放教育学生学习的同时,提升其幸福指数,注重心理健康发展是开放教育的重要内容。文章采用《金钱态度量表》、《主观幸福感量表》、《社会支持量表》对开放大学系统 345名在校生进了调查并采用中介效应分析。结果表明,(1)社会支持、金钱态度和主观幸福感相关显著;(2)金钱态度因子金钱行为倾向对社会支持、总体幸福感及其因子回归效应显著; 社会支持在金钱行为倾向的基础上,对主观幸福感及其因子精力、对生活的满足和兴趣、对情感和行为的控制回归明显,同时在两者之间起了中介作用。说明金钱态度因子金钱行为倾向直接影响开放教育学生主观幸福感,另一方面通过社会支持影响开放远程教育学生主观幸福感。因此,建议开放教育从建立社会支持系统、师资队伍建设、心理健康教育、金钱观培养四方面着手,提升开放教育学生的幸福指数,促进其全面发展。