On Not Confusing the Tree of Trustworthy Statistics with the Greater Forest of Good Science: A Comment on Simmons et al.’s Perspective on Pre‐registration

In this commentary on Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (this issue), we examine their rationale for pre‐registration within the broader perspective of what good science is. We agree that there is potential benefit in a system of pre‐registration if implemented selectively. However, we believe that other tools of open science such as the full sharing of study materials and open access to underlying data, provide most of the same benefits—and more (i.e., the prevention of outright fraud)—without risking the potential adverse consequences of a system of pre‐registration. This is why we favor these other means of controlling type I error and fostering transparency. Direct replication, as opposed to conceptual replication, should be encouraged as well.     

Selling in an asymmetric retail world: perspectives from India,Russia, and the US on buyer–seller information differential,perceived adaptive selling,and purchase intention

The current research aimed to contribute to our understanding of (a) how adaptive selling is perceived by retail consumers in different types of economies when they have differing levels of buyer–seller information differential and (b) how this phenomenon influences their purchase intention. The focal countries were the US (a developed economy) and India and Russia (both developing economies). These three were selected owing to their disparate economic and cultural contexts. This investigation used a relatively new construct: perceived adaptive selling (PAS). PAS refers to the degree to which the buyer perceives that the salesperson is adapting. The study examined whether the impact of PAS was a function of a country’s level of development and whether such perceptions were influenced by the level of buyer–seller information differential in the retail transaction. The findings suggested that buyers in Russia and India PAS and were influenced by it differently from their US counterparts. This work provided a general framework for understanding tactical implementation of the salesperson’s PAS behavior.     

The China Puzzle: Falling Happiness in a Rising Economy

Over the 1990–2000 decade happiness in China plummeted despite massive improvement in material living standards. This finding contradicts the notion that income growth at low living standards leads to gains, not losses, in happiness. We explain this puzzle by drawing on a specific version of relative deprivation theory, the concept of “frustrated achievers.” Our major finding is that income inequality in China became increasingly skewed towards the upper income strata, so that related to the average income the financial position of most Chinese worsened. Consequently, financial dissatisfaction rose and became an increasingly important factor in depressing happiness. Other negative feelings emerging with rapid transitions, such as anomie and disaffection, show a less depressive effect on Chinese happiness. We conclude with some speculations about the applicability of our findings to transition economies in general.

"开颅戒毒"的伦理困境

卫生部叫停"开颅戒毒"手术后,最紧要的工作应是:切实做好对人们健康权的保护工作,改变医患之间信息极不对称的现状,改善医学伦理委员会人员结构,依法规范专家资质,制定统一审查程序,明确审查行为的法律责任,以保障医疗工作更加安全.     

Using Quality of Life to Assess Performance in the Disability Services Sector

Measurement of performance is extremely important for not-for-profit agencies in terms of measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of agencies in achieving their goals. Performance indicators assist managers of agencies in strategic decision making and in fulfilling their accountability obligations for the best use of limited resources. This paper argues that not-for-profit agencies that serve people with intellectual disabilities can use quality of life as one measure of agency and/or program performance. This is demonstrated with reference to research conducted on the effect of different methods of employment on the quality of life for people with intellectual disabilities. Effectiveness of agencies and/or programs can be assessed based on comparisons of quality of life outcomes under different methods of employment or by reference to absolute percentage of scale maximum scores and whether homeostasis is defeated.     

Ensuring Liberties: Understanding State Restrictions on Religious Freedoms

Promises of religious freedoms have become the standard in national constitutions. Yet, despite these assurances, religious freedoms are routinely denied. Combining new data collections with expanded theoretical explanations, this research explores how dimensions of governance and measures of the religious economy contribute to government restrictions on religion. Consistent with recent work on the judicialization of politics, we find that the absence of an independent judiciary is an important predictor of government restrictions on religious freedoms, whereas free elections and government effectiveness are insignificant in our full models. Consistent with the religious economy theory, we find that social restrictions and government favoritism toward a religion(s) are persistent predictors of the government's restrictions. Although the proportion of the population Muslim holds a strong bivariate association with government restrictions (r = .57), the relationship is reduced to insignificance in our full models. We briefly discuss the implications of these findings.     

血小板计数与肝素耐药的相关性研究

研究心脏手术中的血小板（PLT）计数与肝素耐药的相关性。随机将120例行心脏手术患者根据PLT计数分成仍血小板组（PLT〈150×10^9·L^-1）和高血小板组（PLT〉250×10^9·L^-1）,每组各60例。麻醉后抽取中心静脉血监测浏活凝血时间（ACT）基础值,肝素化后ACT值,肝素总用量和鱼精蛋白用量,并计算鱼精蛋白／肝素用量。首次肝素化石静脉血ACT值两组间差异无统计学意义。但两组ACT基础值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高血小板组肝素抗凝并足者有26例（43．3％）,低血小板组仅4例（6．67％）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。肝素及鱼精蛋白用量均有朔计学意义,前者用量较大（P〈O．01）而后者用量较少（P〈O．05）。心脏手术时血小板计数高者易出现肝素抗凝不足。肝素需要量较大而鱼精蛋白用量较少。高血小板组以先心病患儿为多。     

Employee psychological wellbeing in the face of pandemic: The role of belief in work priority

Traditionally, individuals who prioritize work over other aspects of life have been lauded as ideal employees. Individuals vary in the extent to which they endorse the beliefs that work should be prioritized over other aspects of life, known as the Belief in Work Priority (BWP). Various lockdown restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic have blurred work-family boundary, which consequently made prioritizing work over family responsibilities challenging. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between BWP and employee wellbeing during (vs. before) the pandemic outbreak. We recruited 398 participants who were employed and resided in the U.S. Results revealed that during the pandemic, BWP and employee wellbeing showed a negative relationship through increased work-family conflict. Furthermore, such relationship was particularly strong among married employees and male employees.     

Just open borders? Examining Joseph Carens' open borders argument in the light of a case study of recent Somali migrants to the UK

This essay examines Joseph Carens' open borders argument in the light of a case study of recent Somali migrants to the UK. It argues that, although arguments for significantly more open borders are compelling, they must take into account existing domestic injustice in receiving states as well as existing global injustice.     

A new Method for Determining Reliability Coefficient: The Consistency Index

It was predicted that murderers would differ in their body-image boundary dimensions from attempted suicides. It was found that the murderers obtained lower barrier scores, which was in opposition to the prediction, and lower penetration scores, which was in agreement with the prediction. Overall, therefore, the prediction was not supported.