数量化维度的特征搜索

本文从特征整合理论的视觉搜索的研究出发,总结了数量化维度特征搜索的早期研究及进展,提出目前在数量化维度特征搜索研究中需要解决的问题。     

Application of local linear embedding to nonlinear exploratory latent structure analysis

In this paper we discuss the use of a recent dimension reduction technique called Locally Linear Embedding, introduced by Roweis and Saul, for performing an exploratory latent structure analysis. The coordinate variables from the locally linear embedding describing the manifold on which the data reside serve as the latent variable scores. We propose the use of semiparametric penalized spline methods for reconstruction of the manifold equations that approximate the data space. We also discuss a crossvalidation strategy that can guide in selecting an appropriate number of latent variables. Synthetic as well as real data sets are used to illustrate the proposed approach. A nonlinear latent structure representation of a data set also serves as a data visualization tool.     

Web模式下三维装箱问题的一种解决方法

为解决Web模式下多约束三维装箱问题对求解时间和效率的要求,针对混合遗传算法中交叉算子的模式干扰带来的求解速度较慢问题,从优化搜索策略方面入手,引入克隆选择算法(SCA),利用克隆扩增、克隆选择算子完成种群进化,并结合六空间启发式策略对SCA算法加以改进,使两者相辅相成、互相受益。实验表明:本算法对提高Web模式下三维装箱的速度成效显著,且算法效率较高。     

国外品牌人格研究述评

品牌人格是指消费者所感知的品牌所体现出来的一套人格特征。根据国外文献中存在的品牌人格相关研究这条线索,介绍了品牌形象论及品牌形象维度论两个派系关于品牌人格的定义,基于人格类型论和人格特质论两个理论源泉回顾了品牌人格的维度构成,并分别从消费者视角及企业视角归纳分析了品牌人格的影响作用,最后从研究内容、研究方法及理论借鉴三个方面探讨了现有研究的不足,并展望了品牌人格的研究趋势。     

4-5岁幼儿数数行为的规则性与策略化应用特点的研究

本研究的主要目的是考察4-5岁儿童数数行为的规则性和策略化应用特点。研究选取了104名幼儿园中班儿童(年龄范围4-5岁),男女各半,采用现场实验法进行了逐一测查,测查任务为标准计数任务和数字复制任务。结果发现:4-5岁儿童的数数行为已经遵循一些数数规则,如固定顺序原则、一一对应原则和基数原则;但该年龄段的儿童还不会自发地把数数作为问题解决的策略应用于比较两组物体数目的问题上。     

文本表征中情境模型空间维度更新研究述评

情境模型空问维度更新是文本阅读研究的重要内容．当前研究集中在更新的条件及其影响因素两个方面。该文对空间维度更新研究巾的研究角度、研究范式和研究结果的特点进行了总结，在此基础上着重介绍了关于空间信息加工的实时更新与条件更新的两种不同的观点及其争议，并对其进行了简要评价。     

自我同一性研究的新模型——双环模型

自Erikson提出自我同一性的概念以来,它一直是发展心理学的重要课题,这方面的实证研究主要基于Marcia提出的同一性状态模型。随后的研究者Luyckx等人不断整合和改进状态模型,并结合自我关注领域对反思型自我关注和沉浸型自我关注的区分,提出了双环模型的理论。双环模型理论认为,广度探索、深度探索、沉浸探索、做出承诺和认同承诺五个维度构成了自我同一性形成和发展的两个环——"承诺形成环"和"承诺评价环",两个环之间不断地发生着动态的交互作用,其结果造成了自我同一性形成和发展的6种状态:达成,早闭,沉浸延缓,轻松混淆,扩散混淆和未分化。     

Simple and multiple P‐splines regression with shape constraints

In many research areas, especially within social and behavioural sciences, the relationship between predictor and criterion variables is often assumed to have a particular shape, such as monotone, single‐peaked or U‐shaped. Such assumptions can be transformed into (local or global) constraints on the sign of the nth‐order derivative of the functional form. To check for such assumptions, we present a non‐parametric regression method, P‐splines regression, with additional asymmetric discrete penalties enforcing the constraints. We show that the corresponding loss function is convex and present a Newton–Raphson algorithm to optimize. Constrained P‐splines are illustrated with an application on monotonicity‐constrained regression with both one and two predictor variables, using data from research on the cognitive development of children.     

The Logic and Meaning of Plurals. Part I

Contemporary accounts of logic and language cannot give proper treatments of plural constructions of natural languages. They assume that plural constructions are redundant devices used to abbreviate singular constructions. This paper and its sequel, “The logic and meaning of plurals, II”, aim to develop an account of logic and language that acknowledges limitations of singular constructions and recognizes plural constructions as their peers. To do so, the papers present natural accounts of the logic and meaning of plural constructions that result from the view that plural constructions are, by and large, devices for talking about many things (as such). The account of logic presented in the papers surpasses contemporary Fregean accounts in its scope. This extension of the scope of logic results from extending the range of languages that logic can directly relate to. Underlying the view of language that makes room for this is a perspective on reality that locates in the world what plural constructions can relate to. The papers suggest that reflections on plural constructions point to a broader framework for understanding logic, language, and reality that can replace the contemporary Fregean framework as this has replaced its Aristotelian ancestor.     

Robustness to temporal constraint explains expertise in ball-over-net sports

The present study investigated motor expertise in interpersonal competitive ball-over-net sports in terms of a dynamical system with temporal input. In a theoretical framework, the behavior of the system is characterized by a fractal-like structure according to switching input, which changes uniquely according to the duration of input and internal parameter of the system. We investigated periodic movements, in which the player executed a forehand or backhand stroke repeatedly, and continuous switching movements, in which the player continuously switched between two movement patterns corresponding to hitting the ball under two ball directions and with six temporal constraint conditions during a table tennis rally. In the periodic movement, we observed two limit-cycle attractors corresponding to each direction in the phase space independent of temporal constraint or skill level. Conversely, in the continuous switching movement, a transition in trajectories between the two limit-cycle attractors was observed in the phase space, and this transition was characterized by a fractal-like structure. The fractal-like structure moved closer to the random structure as temporal constraint increased independent of skill level. However, the temporal constraint condition closest to the random structure was higher for the advanced players than for the novices, indicating that robustness to the temporal constraint was higher for the advanced players than for the novices. Our results suggest that motor expertise in interpersonal competitive ball-over-net sports is more robust to temporal constraints with various inputs.