A model of career success: A longitudinal study of emergency physicians

Objective and subjective career success were hypothesized to mediate the relationships between sociodemographic variables, human capital indices, individual difference variables, and organizational sponsorship as inputs and a retirement decision and intentions to leave either the specialty of emergency medicine (EM) or medicine as output variables. Objective career success operationalized as the number of leadership positions held did not mediate the relationship, but income change and career satisfaction mediated the relationship between the hours worked and years employed in emergency medicine. Work centrality was significantly related to subjective career success more so for men than women and perceptions of success or self-efficacy were positively related to subjective career success for women, but not for men. The expected pattern of women indicating more difficulties with personal time and family time did not emerge; but women did indicate less perceived support from the organization, fewer EM leadership positions, less perceived control over their work situation and less organizational support than did men.     

感召及其相关研究

近些年来, 宗教视角下的感召概念, 即通常描述为带有使命感和意义感的工作角色, 且多以上帝、激情或天赋作为动机激发源, 在西方的心理学文献中频繁出现, 已引起心理学领域诸多分支学科的关注, 被视为个体工作的目的感和意义感的重要来源, 也是个体职业生涯成功的基础以及个体生涯元能力(例如认同与适应力)的促进因素。在系统梳理有关感召的理论与实证研究文献的基础上, 对感召的研究现状进行了总结和分析, 发现感召在概念的界定、评估与衡量、文化适应性上以及它与生活满意度、组织/生涯发展等的关系上都有待进一步探讨与验证。     

职业韧性研究述评

职业韧性是职业开发领域中的一个新概念, 是个体适应变化的职业环境或从职业逆境中回弹的能力。职业韧性的定义可分为结果性、品质性和过程性三种。有影响力的职业韧性模型主要有London模型、Collard模型、Pulley模型、Conner模型。职业韧性的影响因素有人口学变量、个人特征变量和工作环境变量。未来的研究需要关注职业韧性的结构、测量, 注重采用实验或长时研究探索因果关系。     

职业价值结构初探

本研究通过对教师、管理人员及会计三类人员共307名被试的职业价值评价结果的因素分析,探寻职业价值结构。结果显示：职业价值结构涵盖了11个类别因子,即交往因子、义利因子、挑战因子、环境因子、权力因子、成就因子、创造因子、求新因子、归属因子、责任因子及自认因子,这些因子涉及了职业活动的目标、手段、环境、对象等多方面的价值内容。     

职业生涯高原对员工工作满意度、组织承诺、离职意愿的影响

职业生涯高原是指个体在当前组织中职业生涯发展的停滞。在控制人口统计学变量以及同一方法偏差的基础上,研究发现职业生涯高原的不同维度对不同组织效果变量有不同影响。（1）层级高原对员工工作满意度和组织承诺并没有显著负向影响,但会增加员工离职的可能性。不过,层级高原对员工离职意愿的影响受到工龄的调节;（2）内容高原对员工的工作满意度、组织承诺均具有显著负向影响,并增加员工离开组织的可能性;（3）中心化高原对员工的工作满意度、组织承诺均具负向影响,但对员工离职意愿却没有显著影响     

影响职业决策自我效能的因素及干预研究述评

职业决策自我效能指个体对自己完成择业相关任务所需能力的信心程度。自从Betz和Taylor提出职业决策自我效能,该概念已引发了职业心理学中众多的理论和实证研究。文章总结了影响职业决策自我效能的因素及其干预措施。影响职业决策自我效能因素可概括为个体因素、家庭因素、学校因素三方面,干预措施依据不同的理论,主要有归因训练、团体干预、职业决策训练、认知重构、计算机职业指导系统等     

使命取向对职业满意度的影响——职业弹性的中介作用及工作资源的调节作用

本研究通过对410名企业员工的调查,探讨使命取向对职业满意度的影响机制,并采用结构方程模型技术与层次回归分析法考察职业弹性在这一关系中的中介作用及工作资源对该关系的调节作用。研究结果表明：（1）职业弹性部分中介了使命取向对职业满意度的正向关系;（2）工作资源调节了使命取向对职业弹性的影响;（3）进一步地,工作资源水平越高,职业弹性对于使命取向与职业满意度关系的中介作用越强,反之越弱。     

内隐职业性别刻板印象、信息完整性对大学生职业决策过程的影响

采用内隐联想测验对150名大学生进行分组,选出高、低职业性别刻板印象组被试共74名（各37名）,运用信息板技术深入考察内隐职业性别刻板印象、信息完整性对个体职业决策过程的具体影响。结果表明：（1）内隐职业性别刻板印象显著影响个体职业决策的决策时间、探索深度以及探索模式;（2）信息完整性对个体职业决策的信息探索深度、探索模式以及决策满意度有显著影响,且高内隐职业性别刻板印象个体的决策满意度随信息完整性的减少而降低;（3）高内隐职业性别刻板印象的个体在信息不完整的情况下会倾向于进行更深入的信息探索。     

Protean career orientation,vocational identity,and self-efficacy: an empirical clarification of their relationship

There is a large interest in how people can be more protean in their career development, exhibiting a self-directed striving for personally valued career outcomes. However, existing research on the protean career needs to better address issues of antecedents and outcomes as well as unique effects of a protean career orientation (PCO). We present two studies investigating how PCO is related to vocational identity clarity and occupational self-efficacy. Study 1 reports a 1-year, three-wave cross-lagged study among 563 university students and established that PCO preceded changes in identity and self-efficacy—but not the other way around. A 6-month longitudinal study of 202 employees, Study 2 showed that identity clarity and self-efficacy mediated the effects of PCO on career satisfaction and proactive career behaviours. PCO only possessed incremental predictive validity regarding proactive career behaviours. However, we could not confirm specific direct or mediated effects of PCO on job satisfaction. These results imply that PCO is closely related to vocational identity clarity and self-efficacy because it enhances these career attitudes. Moreover, identity and self-efficacy mediate some, but not all of the effects of PCO on important career outcomes.     

Career meta-capacities and retention factors of recruitment advertising agencies: An exploratory study

This study aimed to determine the extent to which employees’ career adaptability and employability capacities predicted employee retention factors in the information sector industry. A probability sample of 337 South African recruitment advertising employees participated in the study (females = 65.9%; black Africans = 53.4%, predominantly early career stage (aged > 40 years = 57.9%). The employees responded to surveys on their career adaptability, employability capacities, and job retention considerations. Step-wise hierarchical regression analysis was computed to predict employee retention factors from their career meta-capacities of career adaptability and employability attributes. Results suggest the career meta-capacities to explain 71% of the variance in employee retention factors. Moreover, overall career adaptability (concern, control, curiosity, and cooperation) predict the overall retentions factors of employees. White employees self-reported with higher work retention and career opportunities than employees of other races/ethnicities. Career adaptability and employability capabilities matter for talented employee retention in the information sector industry.