Occupational Stressors, Stress Responses, and Alcohol Consumption Among Professional Firefighters: A Prospective, Longitudinal Analysis

This dual-site longitudinal prospective study monitored and measured change in self-reported occupational stressors, emotional trauma, symptoms of stress, and alcohol consumption in urban firefighters. Study participants were 188 firefighters employed by two urban fire departments. The results showed that of 19 occupational stressors examined, only 5 (26%) changed significantly over time, and of those 5, only two—job skill concerns and concerns regarding reduction in force and benefits—decreased, reflecting less bothersome subjective ratings. Of the 12 measures of posttraumatic and other symptoms of stress, 9 (75%) increased significantly over time and none decreased significantly, whereas alcohol consumption was stable over time. Job stressors, trauma caseness, and stress response symptoms at baseline were strongly and significantly associated with the same measures at the two-year follow-up. The implications of the findings for prevention and remediation of stress disorders in fire service personnel are considered. It can be concluded that the stressful nature of urban firefighting is significantly associated with negative health outcomes, including the potential overreliance on alcohol use.     

静脉药物配置中心国内现状及存在问题

通过对国内多家医院静脉药物配置中心的实地参观、电话咨询及文献分析,了解静脉药物配置中心建设在国内医院的发展现状和工作中存在问题。为更多将要建设静脉药物配置中心项目的医院提供资料和建议,促进静脉药物配置中心项目更快、更好的发展。医院静脉药物配置中心的建设是必然趋势,但各医院应根据自己的实际情况制订合适的规模和建设方案。     

Conception et santé : quelques remarques sur le statut de l’activité de travail dans la conception des systèmes de production

The aim of this article is to discuss the status of activity at work for the design process. After having highlighted the stakes to take into account activity at work during design, three approaches are discussed. One can try to model the workers’ activity in order to anticipate it during the design process. One can try to support the design of flexible systems, which control activity. One can try to catch and articulate in a same process the development of both the situation and the activity. These different positions result in different understanding of the design process mainly in its temporal dimension. For each approaches, some lines of research are presented.     

大学生职业选择与内隐职业声望偏好

通过理想职业抱负的问卷,考察了全国东部、中部及西部地区共10个省市（北京、上海、辽宁、广东、湖北、江西、贵州、山西、四川、宁夏回族自治区）的大学生职业选择的现状;同时采用内隐联想测验（IAT）,对大学生内隐职业声望的态度进行了研究。结果表明：（1）大学生选择“企业家”、“教师”等职业的人数要显著地高于选择“工人”、“农民”等职业的人数,他们更倾向于选择社会声望高的职业;（2）大学生倾向于选择与自己的性别类型相符的职业,相比之下,女生表现出更多的反职业性别刻板,而男生则表现出更明显的职业性别刻板;（3）不同地域的大学生对职业的选择存在显著差异;（41）大学生对不同社会声望的职业存在显著的内隐偏好。     

Does theoretical background influence therapists' attitudes to therapist self‐disclosure? A qualitative study

Aims: This study investigated therapists' attitudes towards therapist self‐disclosure over different theoretical orientations and to establish how classical theoretical background and training effected and informed practice. Classical theoretical background was intended to refer to traditional Psychodynamic understanding. Method: Participants were experienced therapists drawn from four groups by a recruitment screening measure. Three groups were from the students’ cohort within a university Masters programme in Psychological Therapies. Participants were practicing from CBT, Systemic and Psychodynamic orientations. A further group was drawn from Person‐Centred therapist/trainers at a further education College. Data was gathered using focus groups and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Three major and one lesser theme emerged. These revealed that there was a spectrum of willingness to disclose throughout all groups, classical training influenced all participants; total restriction of TSD was impracticable and attitudes were affected by concerns for the therapeutic relationship. Implications for practice: TSD needs to be more thoroughly explored within therapy training and supervision. A structured framework could help inform practice. Conclusions: The study supported the idea that Classical Training influenced TSD.     

我国职业卫生出现的新问题及应对措施

职业卫生工作是为经济发展服务的,伴随着改革开放和经济的飞速发展,职业病疾病谱系发生了变化,职业病防治也日益法制化,导致我国职业卫生出现了很多新问题,这都影响到我国职业卫生工作的发展,给职业卫生工作提出了更高的要求,面对这些变化,应该采取哪些应对措施,值得很好的探讨。     

医生职业倦怠及社会、组织影响因素的探讨

医生是职业倦怠研究最早关注的职业之一,通过回顾国内外相关研究,分析了医生职业倦怠的现状,并认为我国现阶段医生的职业倦怠与医疗政策、法制层面存在缺憾、经济和心理回报不够、价值观冲突、缺乏控制、角色冲突等有关。呼吁从社会、组织层面深入研究我国医生的职业倦怠。     

Does a corresponding set of variables for explaining voluntary organizational turnover transfer to explaining voluntary occupational turnover?

This study proposed and tested corresponding sets of variables for explaining voluntary organizational versus occupational turnover for a sample of medical technologists. This study is believed to be the first test of the Rhodes and Doering (1983) occupational change model using occupational turnover data. Results showed that corresponding job (occupational) satisfaction and intent to leave organization (occupation) variables were each significant for explaining subsequent organization (occupation) turnover. Job insecurity was found to be a significant correlate for organizational turnover while work exhaustion was found to be a significant correlate for occupational turnover. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.     

Therapists’ understandings and experiences of working with clients with problems of addiction: A pilot study using Q methodology

This pilot study aims to increase our understanding of therapists’ subjective attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of working with clients with problems of addiction. The study yielded useful clarifications, arising from the finding that opinions about the nature of addiction support different approaches to therapy. In addition, it seems that diverse or conflicting attitudes and beliefs are likely to impact on the ability of therapists to work together effectively. Another objective was to test the feasibility of using Q methodology in this study and more broadly in qualitative research in psychotherapy. Participants were 13 therapists from a variety of backgrounds and working in a range of agencies. Using Q methodology, four distinctive factors were identified, indicating divergent understandings of addiction. Each factor is shown to be a multifaceted construct which does not correspond to any single theory or therapeutic orientation. It is suggested that the results have significant implications for therapists’ training and supervision. In addition, this study demonstrates the capacity of Q methodology to identify commonalities and diversity in viewpoints which do not conform to a priori conceptualisations. As a pilot study, this paper invites further discussion and research.