内隐动机测量的新方法

动机测量方法的探讨经历了初期对TAT及其评分方法的怀疑、争论和认同,到对内隐与外显动机系统的概念区分,又开始转向了对新的测量方法的尝试、验证和发展。早期的内隐动机测量以投射测验的“大三”内隐动机计分为主。多动机网格技术的出现,为同一构念下的内隐动机测量带来了新的活力。工作风格测验另辟蹊径,从行为表现入手,使测量结果更为可靠。内隐联想测验则引入了当前内隐社会认知的最新研究方法,实现了更为高效、便捷、精确的内隐动机测量     

The behaviour style observation system for young children predicts teacher‐reported externalizing behaviour in middle childhood

The Behaviour Style Observation System for Young Children (BSOS) was used to predict preschool‐aged children's externalizing and internalizing behaviour problems in middle childhood, 3–5 years after the initial assessment. This observational measurement tool was designed to sample and assess young children's disruptive, non‐compliant, and unresponsive behaviour, during a brief (11 min) observation in the child's home. In the current study, the BSOS was used to predict parent and teacher ratings of child behaviour problems after school entry in a longitudinal sample (N=81) of at‐risk children at time 2. The BSOS predicted teacher‐reported externalizing problems at time 2. In contrast, parent reports of behaviour problems, although correlated with repeated parent reports at time 2, were not significantly predictive of teacher‐reported behaviour problems at school age. The BSOS was not associated with either parent or teacher reports of internalizing problems. These findings emphasize the importance and utility of using observational measures when examining the continuity of behaviour problems in young children over time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

间接HCD范式下的态度形成

采用间接隐含共变关系探测(HCD)范式探讨了态度形成的内隐学习效应.被试在学习阶段先后接触唐涛作者知名程度与押韵程度,以及押韵程度与唐诗呈现位置的两种共变关系;在测验阶段以不同位置呈现新的唐诗,结果发现被试的对唐诗评价受到呈现位置的影响,即产生间接HCD效应,而且出现了HCD效应"自我强化"的现象.以主观测量标准考察被试知识的意识性,表明间接HCD效应是一种内隐学习效应.     

基于反应时的人格内隐测量及其方法学的思考

人格测量的热点已经转向内隐层面,以反应时为基础的内隐人格测量方法不断推陈出新,如多因素特质内隐联结测验、个人化内隐联结测验、内隐联结程序、单目标词内隐联结测验等,它们从不同侧面丰富了内隐人格测量的方法,深化了内隐人格的理论建构。但新的问题也不断出现,如内隐测量的表征是无意识的吗？内隐测量能避免社会赞许性等动机的影响吗？内隐测量的表征是高度稳定的吗？内隐测量是过程纯净的吗？内隐人格测量可以防止作伪吗？文章回顾了内隐人格测量的相关理论及有关的研究,对这些问题进行了初步的思考     

初中生生活事件、即时通讯与孤独感之间的关系

个体使用互联网对其心理与行为的影响一直是研究者关注的焦点,同时互联网世界是丰富多彩的,不同的互联网服务对使用者的影响是不同的。该研究采用问卷法抽取北京市两所中学初一、初二年级学生进行调查,目的是考察初中生生活事件、即时通讯服务使用偏好与孤独感之间的关系。结果表明:生活事件带来的主观压力能够显著正向预测孤独感;即时通讯能够显著负向预测孤独感;客观压力不能够预测孤独感,但是它可以通过即时通讯间接地影响个体的孤独感水平。从结果中可以看到互联网的使用对个体的发展不全是消极的,即时通讯服务的使用能够缓解生活事件对个体产生的消极影响,对个体起到一定的保护作用。     

Assessment of shared decision-making in community mental health care: Validation of the CollaboRATE

Background/ObjectiveCollaboRATE is a 3-item self-report measure of the patient experience of shared decision-making (SDM) process. The objective of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of CollaboRATE in community mental health care.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted at a Community Mental Health Center of the Canary Islands Health Service. Two hundred and fifty consecutive psychiatric outpatients were invited to participate. Of those, 191 accepted (76.40% of response rate) and completed the CollaboRATE, the Control Preferences Scale (CPS), and a form with sociodemographic and clinical variables.ResultsExploratory factor analysis ratified the unidimensionality of the measure. High internal consistency was found (α Cronbach = .95, Guttman's λ = .93, and ω = .95). Strong positive correlations (p < .0001) were found between the CollaboRATE and the CPS. Only 39.80% of respondents gave the best possible score on CollaboRATE.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the CollaboRATE as a measure of SDM. The measure is quick to complete and feasible for use in outpatient mental health care. At present, a significative number of psychiatric outpatients are not involved in SDM. The use of this measure in psychiatric routine care can be a key tool in assessing and implementing SDM.     

A Bibliographic Survey of the Activities and International Nature of Multiple Criteria Decision Making

One of the fascinating things about multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) is the degree to which the contributions that have built the field have come from all over the world. In this paper the international nature of the authorships of the 1216 refereed journal articles published on MCDM between 1987 and 1992, and the journals in which they have appeared, is examined. Also, an analysis of the 217 books and 31 journal special issues that have been published on MCDM, and 143 conferences that have been held on MCDM since the inception of the field, is similarly conducted. The paper concludes with a conference organizer, author and special issue guest editor index.     

R&D Project Selection: A Decision Process Approach

The fundamental decision problem of an R&D firm is to select projects in which to invest. Most reported models dealing with this subject use sophisticated mathematical models maximizing specific attributes of the projects without dealing with the underlying motivation of the decision maker. This paper summarizes a successful application of a decision-making process involving multicriteria in the selection of R&D projects in the Ecogen Israel Partnership. We emphasize the structure of the decision problem, with the main goal of helping the decision maker to better understand the nature of his problem. We systematically generate the objective hierarchy of the decision maker, including his main criteria, subcriteria attributes and alternatives. The ‘best’ alternative can then be found using most interactive procedures found in the literature. As the decision maker is totally involved in the entire decision-making process he is better able to understand his problem and preferences.     

亲密关系的外显测量与内隐测量及相互关系

为了验证外显与内隐的差序格局,研究者考察了最亲密的家人、恋人以及最亲密的好朋友的外显和内隐亲密程度的差异与联系,以及性别对亲密关系的影响。结果表明,三个目标对象的外显亲密程度之间存在差异,但内隐亲密程度之间不存在差异;外显和内隐亲密程度之间相关不显著;外显测量结果没有显著的性别差异,但在内隐测量中,男性比女性对恋人感觉更为亲密。研究者针对这些结果分别进行了讨论