从客观决定性到意志自由——论行动哲学研究的方法论变革

如果说心灵哲学是当代西方学术界的“第一哲学”,那么,以“客观决定性VS．意志自由”为核心问题的行动哲学研究,则是这种哲学研究在当今最重要的组成部分和基本发展趋势,因而只有在研究客观决定性和意志自由的相互关系方面取得了根本性突破,行动哲学和心灵哲学研究才有可能取得实质性进展。不过,由于绝大多数研究者都没有通过对惟理智主义研究方法论的深刻批判反思而达到方法论的自觉,所以,只有真正实现了对由基本倾向、思维方式和研究模式构成的研究方法论的彻底变革,这样的突破才是可能的;本文认为,以社会个体生成论彻底扬弃和取代基于抽象个体的预成论,是实现这种变革的富有建设性意义的学术理路。     

过敏调控--对过敏性疾病诊治的理性思考

在分析我国过敏性疾病诊治现状的基础上,结合我国和国际上过敏性疾病发病率逐年增高的发展趋势,建议对过敏性疾病的诊治和防范,应规范诊疗常规、加强科普宣教、普及环境预报、综合传统疗法、完善自我预警,实现群体抗敏等对策.     

下丘脑异常与抑郁症

近年来的研究发现了抑郁模型动物或抑郁症病人下丘脑异常的大量证据, 诸如下丘脑体积及神经元数目的改变, 下丘脑-垂体-内分泌轴的改变, 下丘脑相关激素、受体及其基因、神经肽的改变, 下丘脑与其他脑区功能联系的改变等等。然而, 下丘脑与抑郁症关系的研究所获证据多来自动物实验、或临床间接指标(如病人外周血激素水平等), 或病人脑组织尸检, 缺乏来自病人活体下丘脑异常的直接证据。今后的研究可考虑运用影像学的手段更直接地探索抑郁症患者活体下丘脑的结构特征和功能特征, 以期发现抑郁症的生物学标记及其可靠性指标, 为抑郁症的客观诊断提供依据, 为揭示抑郁症病理机制提供线索。     

证有有形无形、客观主观之分

证的概念包括证据与诊断两方面的含义,诊断是证据在头脑中的意识反应,两者不能割舍.用有形无形、客观主观来统一证的理论内涵,认为无形之证是有形之证的意识概括,两者总是在不同层次、不同角度达到统一.     

关于工作倦怠测量研究的综述

工作倦怠的研究兴起于20世纪70年代,到目前为止,已经提出了许多概念模型,编制了一些测量工具。本文回顾了国外关于工作倦怠测量的相关研究,介绍了目前运用最为广泛的测量工具：MBI和BM,并对他们的信效度以及运用情况做了简要介绍,同时也阐述了我国关于工作倦怠量表的修编情况。希望通过对于工作倦怠测量的研究的回顾与展望,能够对工作倦怠进行更准确的测量,从而能更好地展开关于工作倦怠的研究。     

An exploration of body dissatisfaction and perceptions of Black and White girls enrolled in an intervention for overweight children

Silhouette measures are one approach to assessing body dissatisfaction in children, although little is known about their use among racially diverse, overweight girls seeking weight-loss treatment. This study assessed racial differences in body dissatisfaction and body size perceptions of 58 girls (ages 6–11, 66% Black, 34% White) participating in a randomized trial for pediatric overweight. Body dissatisfaction did not differ between races; 99% of girls reported an ideal figure smaller than their current one. Black girls selected a larger silhouette to represent their ideal body size, and most girls in both racial groups underestimated their actual size. Outcomes strengthen the argument that, despite an overall preference for a larger body size, obesity might mitigate cultural factors that protect Black girls from body dissatisfaction. Additional research is needed to enhance understanding of children's body size perceptions and dissatisfaction to inform assessment and treatment of pediatric obesity and associated disordered eating symptoms.     

Stigmatizing attitudes of the community towards people living with HIV/AIDS

This research involved an exploratory study in which a questionnaire was used to investigate the personal stigma and perceived community stigma regarding HIV/AIDS in a South African community. Student fieldworkers interviewed a convenient sample of 901 respondents from different races, gender and age groups, and found that respondents tended towards stigmatizing persons with HIV/AIDS. Yet, this degree of stigmatization was significantly less severe than the degree of stigmatization that respondents attributed to the community at large. Altogether 17% of the respondents had high stigmatizing attitudes, while 42% perceived the stigmatization by others in the community to be high. Race group, personal knowledge of someone with HIV, area of residence, gender and age group impacted on the respondents' personal tendency to stigmatize those with HIV/AIDS. The article discusses the difference between the level of personal stigma attached by the respondents and that perceived by them to be attached by the community. Attention is also paid to the possible implications of stigmatizing behaviour patterns and interventions on a community level. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单题项测量：质疑、回应及建议

研究者关于单题项测量的争论已久。支持者认为单题项测量具有时间和效率上的优势, 而反对者则认为单题项测量的信效度均无法得到保障。通过定性和定量的回顾, 归纳了单题项测量的优缺点, 剖析了以往研究对单题项测量的种种质疑并逐一进行回应。通过系统梳理, 发现单题项测量具有可以接受的信度和效度水平, 且多题项测量的效标关联效度并没有显著优于单题项测量。最后, 指出了单题项测量开发和使用过程中应该注意的事项。尽管多题项测量仍是当前研究界的主流测量方法, 但未来研究者应当更加客观地看待单题项测量。学界应当充分理解单题项测量潜在的优点和适用范围, 从而使单题项测量在管理心理学和社会科学研究中发挥其应有的作用。     

正确认识和对待"举证责任倒置"

“举证责任倒置”作为处理民事诉讼中的例外原则运用于医疗纠纷的处理必将对医患关系的根本好转提供有利的措施保证,如何认识和对待“举主责任倒置”是一个崭新的课题,就此,我们谈点不成熟的看法。