情境模型的更新：事件框架依赖假设的进一步证据

采用多指标探测范式, 从客体信息以及活动信息的角度出发, 考察事件框架内外时间、空间转换对情境模型更新的影响。结果发现：在事件框架内, 维度转换并不是情境模型更新的充分条件, 时间转换与终止的活动信息相结合引起情境模型的快速更新, 而空间转换与移除的客体信息相结合引起情境模型的快速更新; 在事件框架外, 维度转换是情境模型更新的充分条件, 维度转换会引起情境模型的更新。研究丰富了事件框架依赖假设。     

全球化时代的国家认同：认同内容及其对群际行为的影响

随着全球化进程的不断推进, 国家认同再次成为社会心理学的研究热点。全球化到底是削弱国家认同还是增强国家认同, 不仅与国家认同的具体内容有关, 还受国家的全球化水平影响。同时, 个体对外群体的态度, 不仅受到群体规模的影响, 国家认同内容也起着调节作用。人们越是基于语言、宗教、文化等族群特质来界定国家身份, 对外群体的态度越消极; 越是基于公民特质来界定国家身份, 对外群体的态度越积极。今后应该整合国家认同的内容、厘清国家认同的发展轨迹、拓展国家认同的研究方法以及开展中国化研究。     

基于物体的注意的机制与影响因素

视觉选择性注意的研究是认知心理学领域的热点之一。注意选择的表征不仅可以基于空间, 也可以基于物体。基于物体的注意(object-based attention, OBA)的研究范式主要有双矩形提示范式和侧干扰范式, 有关基于物体的注意的机制的理论有感觉增强理论、注意优先理论和注意转换理论。影响基于物体的注意效应的因素主要有刺激本身的特征(如刺激呈现时间)、其它知觉过程和经验因素等。视觉物体的概念既包括格式塔知觉组织原则定义的物体, 也包括无意识下的物体、变化之后的物体和自上而下的物体。     

特征变化的连续性影响客体连续表征的维持

本研究采用客体回溯范式考察了特征变化的连续性对维持客体连续表征的作用。实验1和实验2分别探索了形状维度上的变化方式（不变、渐变、突变）和亮度维度上的变化方式（不变、渐变、随机变化）对客体预览利化效应的影响。在特征连续条件下（不变或渐变）,两个实验都获得了客体预览利化效应。而在特征不连续变化条件下（突变或随机变化）,该效应消失。这些结果说明特征变化的连续性同样影响客体连续表征的维持。     

魅力型领导与下属工作投入：双维认同构念的中介机制

本研究旨在探讨组织认同和领导认同在魅力型领导对下属工作投入的影响过程中的中介机制。全文以魅力型领导和认同感理论为基础,以来自国内多家企业的252名员工为样本进行数据分析,结果发现下属的组织认同和领导认同作为认同感的双维构念在魅力型领导对下属工作投入的影响过程中具有中介作用。其中,组织认同在此过程中具有部分中介作用,而领导认同则发挥完全中介作用,而且组织认同和领导认同在此过程中同时存在,互不排斥。     

组织认同与离职意向关系的元分析

本研究采用元分析方法探索了组织认同与离职意向的关系。通过文献搜索与筛选, 获得了59项研究和71个独立效应量, 共包含23180名被试。根据数据特点, 采用随机效应模型对两者关系进行了分析, 结果表明, 整体上组织认同与离职意向呈现高等程度的负相关(r = −0.453); 不同维度内容的组织认同测量工具、被试从事的行业类型对组织认同与离职意向的关系具有调节效应, 但不同认知结构的离职意向测量工具、文化背景的调节效应不显著。上述结果证明了组织认同对离职意向的影响作用, 同时, 也强调了科学研究中测量工具使用的科学性。     

干预-应答模式鉴别学习障碍的有效性及其调节因素:20年研究的元分析

本研究采用元分析方法探讨在学习障碍的鉴别中兴起的干预-应答（Response to Intervention,RTI）模式鉴别学习障碍内部亚组的有效性及其调节因素。通过系统检索1996-2015年的文献,获得了34项研究,包括6127名学生的45个样本、261个效应值。元分析结果表明,RTI模式可有效区分学习障碍风险儿童的内部亚组,对干预无应答和有应答的学生在学业成就、认知技能、行为等多方面存在系统、显著和持久的差异,但仍存在个体应答状态的进一步分化。RTI模式对于学习障碍风险儿童内部变异的区分效果受到干预对象、干预层次、干预时间、应答指标选择、测量方法和切分点等因素的影响。本元分析结果不仅为认识RTI模式鉴别学习障碍的有效性提供了进一步证据,更重要的是通过系列调节效应分析,为合理实施RTI模式鉴别学习障碍提供了直接依据。     

The Sense of Touch: From Tactility to Tactual Probing

Because philosophical reflections on touch usually start from our ability to perceive properties of objects, they tend to overlook features of touch that are crucial to correct understanding of tactual perception. This paper brings out these features and uses them to develop a general reconception of the sense of touch. I start by taking a fresh look at our ability to feel, in order to reveal its vital role. This sheds a different light on the skin's perceptual potential. While it is commonly observed that tactile experiences have two intentional objects, an external object and one's own body, I will advance a more accurate alternative: in tactile experiences, one becomes aware of what one's body undergoes. This alternative not only fits better with tactility's vital role; it is also key to explaining how active touching provides for a unique contribution to our perceptual relation to material objects. By thus connecting tactility's vital role to the way we rely on touch while manipulating objects, this essay offers a cross-sectional survey of our tactile powers that reveals the interplay between sensing and touching.     

Personal value preferences,group identifications,and cultural practices of Palestinian Israelis working in close contact with Jewish Israelis

The present study investigates the connection between personal value preferences, group identifications, and cultural practices among Palestinian Israelis working in close contact with the Jewish population in Israel. One hundred twenty-two Palestinian Israelis participated in the study. The participants were employed in different professional positions in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan area and were recruited to the study using the snowball technique. A stronger national identification was associated with a higher preference for the security and conformity values, and a lower preference for the humility values. A stronger ethnic identification was associated with a lower preference for the security, power, and stimulation values. Group identifications mediated the connection between personal value preferences and cultural practices. A longer time working in close contact with the majority group and less frequent visits home were associated with a greater adherence to the majority group’s cultural practices but not with adherence to the ethnic group’s practices and not with the group identifications.     

Social interaction facilitates word learning in preverbal infants: Word–object mapping and word segmentation

In natural settings, infants learn spoken language with the aid of a caregiver who explicitly provides social signals. Although previous studies have demonstrated that young infants are sensitive to these signals that facilitate language development, the impact of real-life interactions on early word segmentation and word–object mapping remains elusive. We tested whether infants aged 5–6 months and 9–10 months could segment a word from continuous speech and acquire a word–object relation in an ecologically valid setting. In Experiment 1, infants were exposed to a live tutor, while in Experiment 2, another group of infants were exposed to a televised tutor. Results indicate that both younger and older infants were capable of segmenting a word and learning a word–object association only when the stimuli were derived from a live tutor in a natural manner, suggesting that real-life interaction enhances the learning of spoken words in preverbal infants.