LGM模型中缺失数据处理方法的比较:ML方法与Diggle-Kenward选择模型

追踪研究中缺失数据十分常见。本文通过Monte Carlo模拟研究,考察基于不同前提假设的Diggle-Kenward选择模型和ML方法对增长参数估计精度的差异,并考虑样本量、缺失比例、目标变量分布形态以及不同缺失机制的影响。结果表明:(1)缺失机制对基于MAR的ML方法有较大的影响,在MNAR缺失机制下,基于MAR的ML方法对LGM模型中截距均值和斜率均值的估计不具有稳健性。(2)DiggleKenward选择模型更容易受到目标变量分布偏态程度的影响,样本量与偏态程度存在交互作用,样本量较大时,偏态程度的影响会减弱。而ML方法仅在MNAR机制下轻微受到偏态程度的影响。     

当代俄罗斯的马克思主义研究

当代俄罗斯的马克思主义研究,经历了三个发展阶段：1992至1995年为全盘否定时期,1996年至1998年为恢复研究时期,1999年至今为稳定发展时期。现在全俄已经有三个非官方的马克思主义研究机构及各地的研究小组和中心。当今,这些研究基地以马克思列宁主义为指导,认真研究俄罗斯的现状,分析俄罗斯的发展趋势,提出俄罗斯走出困境的出路和条件。十多年来,马克思主义研究在俄罗斯走过的曲折道路,充分显示了马克思列宁主义巨大的生命力。     

抑郁性神经症患者精神创伤的临床调查与分析

通过调查与分析。希望进一步了解导致抑郁性神经症的精神创伤的性质和易感人群的年龄、教育程度和性别等方面的特点。为此类疾病的病因分析及其防治提供客观的依据。结果表明：1．不同的年龄、教育程度和性别均有各自敏感的生活事件,部分生活事件在任何年龄阶段、教育程度、性别的人群中都可构成精神创伤;2．家庭矛盾、个人发展、疾病、失去亲人等生活事件容易构成精神创伤,其中家庭矛盾尤为突出;3．不可控的生活事件是构成抑郁性神经症近、远期精神创伤的重要基础。可见,抑郁性神经症的发病与精神创伤关系密切;不同教育程度、年龄、性别对生活事件的体验及其导致精神创伤的程度不同。     

浅谈医学院校科研现状及研究生培养管理

倡导良好的科研风尚并建立有效的研究生培养管理体制,对增强医学院校科研能力,提高研究生培养质量至关重要,也是当前高等医学教育工作者共同关心的问题。对医学院校科研现状及现行研究生培养管理模式中存在的问题进行分析,并提出若干思考及建议。     

Cue exposure and response prevention with alcoholics: a controlled trial

Ten severely alcohol-dependent subjects were divided into two groups, one of which received only 6 sessions of in-vivo cue exposure and response prevention and the other of which received 6 sessions of imaginal cue exposure, followed by 6 sessions of in-vivo cue exposure and response prevention. The in-vivo cue exposure produced significant decrements on behavioural and subjective measures for both experimental groups on Desire to Drink and Difficulty to Resist Alcohol. Imaginal cue exposure produced trivial changes on these measures. The implications for both theory and practice are discussed.     

Laterality differences for word identification in bilinguals

Twenty-three Spanish-English bilinguals were tachistoscopically presented with four-letter common nouns. They viewed 20 word pairs, first in their native language, then in the other, for 40 msec under simultaneous bilateral exposure. This paradigm has previously shown a strong right visual field and therefore left hemisphere superiority for words in a single language. The results show a word identification advantage in the right visual field. This indicates a left hemisphere advantage for processing of both languages, regardless of which was learned first. There are nevertheless wide individual differences in the number of bilinguals showing the expected asymmetry, as compared with monolinguals. There may be a trend, therefore, for less unilaterality of language function in bilinguals, although both languages are seen as being equally lateralized.     

If and Then: A Critique of Speculative NanoEthics

Most known technology serves to ingeniously adapt the world to the physical and mental limitations of human beings. Humankind has acquired awesome power with its rather limited means. Nanotechnological capabilities further this power. On some accounts, however, nanotechnological research will contribute to a rather different kind of technological development, namely one that changes human beings so as to remove or reduce their physical and mental limitations. The prospect of this technological development has inspired a fair amount of ethical debate. Here, proponents and opponents of such visions of human enhancement are criticized alike for engaging in speculative ethics. This critique exposes a general pattern that extends to other nano-, bio-, or neuroethical debates. While it does not apply to all discussions of “enhancement technologies” it does apply to all ethical discourse that constructs and validates an incredible future which it only then proceeds to endorse or critique. This discourse violates conditions of intelligibility, squanders the scarce and valuable resource of ethical concern, and misleads by casting remote possibilities or philosophical thought-experiments as foresight about likely technical developments. In effect, it deflects consideration from the transformative technologies of the present.

网络成瘾研究现状及展望

随着人们对互联网的广泛使用,网络成瘾成为近年来日益突出的一个社会问题,引起了广大研究者的关注和重视。本文根据十多年来国内外对网络成瘾的研究,首先介绍了网络成瘾的概念及其鉴别的主要标准和方法,然后对网络成瘾的心理机制,网络成瘾者的心理特征、生理机制及其干预和治疗的相关研究进行了较为全面和系统的综述。最后,本文提出了网络成瘾研究未来发展的方向。     

竹溪县降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风项目分析

为实施"降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风项目",通过培训乡村产儿科技术服务人员,以改善乡镇卫生院产儿科服务条件,提高育龄妇女住院分娩安全意识,降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风.开展了人员培训、健康教育、设备配置、贫困救助、监督指导等活动.孕产妇死亡率、新生儿破伤风等重点指标达到终期目标.提出贫困地区妇幼卫生事业建设与发展必需有可行性项目支持.     

Effects of massed practice and cue-controlled relaxation on tic frequency in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome

The effects of massed practice (MP) and cue-controlled relaxation on tic frequency were assessed in three single-case studies. Measures of tic frequency, subjective tension and fatigue, and physiological arousal were obtained throughout treatment.MP failed to produce any reduction in tic frequency in the three Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome patients studied. Cue-controlled relaxation resulted in a moderate decrease in tic frequency in only one patient.Tic frequency was related to physiological arousal, as assessed by skin conductance response frequency. No evidence was obtained in support of the suggestion that ticquers demonstrate a deficit in their habituation to sensory stimulation.