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121.
迫选规则体验法: 检验规范性和描述性风险决策理论的新尝试 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为寻求检验规范性和描述性风险决策理论的通用标准, 本研究以期望价值理论和齐当别抉择模型为例, 探讨了“迫选规则体验法”的适用性。被试为120名大学生, 实验任务为要求被试分别完成自主决策(采用未知规则: 真规则)和规则迫选决策(遵循给定规则: 假规则)任务, 并对决策后的情感和认可程度进行评定。研究发现: (1) 被试在自主决策条件下比在规则迫选条件下体验到的正性情感程度更强, 负性情感的程度更弱; (2) 被试在自主决策与规则迫选决策两种条件下做出的相同决策越多, 该被试对迫选规则更加认可并体验到的正性情感程度越强, 负性情感的程度越弱; (3) 与期望价值理论相比, 齐当别抉择模型可能符合更多决策者的实际决策规则。这些结果表明, 作为检验规范性和描述性风险决策理论的新尝试, 迫选规则体验法可能更有助于回答“决策者实际采用的决策规则是什么”的问题。 相似文献
122.
Hofmann B 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2007,28(3):243-256
The science/non-science distinction has become increasingly blurred. This paper investigates whether recent cases of fraud in science can shed light on the distinction. First, it investigates whether there is an absolute distinction between science and non-science with respect to fraud, and in particular with regards to manipulation and fabrication of data. Finding that it is very hard to make such a distinction leads to the second step: scrutinizing whether there is a normative distinction between science and non-science. This is done by investigating one of the recent internationally famous frauds in science, the Sudbø case. This case demonstrates that moral norms are not only needed to regulate science because of its special characteristics, such as its potential for harm, but moral norms give science its special characteristics. Hence, moral norms are crucial in differentiating science from non-science. Although this does not mean that ethics can save the life of science, it can play a significant role in its resuscitation. 相似文献
123.
Yasmin Ibrahim 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(1):37-51
Since the bombing of the twin towers, ‘Islam’ as a cultural narrative has entered a new temporal phase which in many ways
signifies the re-imagining of a religion through the visual imagery of 9/11 and the global events which have unfolded since
the apocalyptic images were first witnessed by the world. The distant proximity of 9/11 and the relocation of the perceived
Islamic ‘resurgent atavism’ within the heartlands of power in Western soil constitute the formation of a new sociological
imagination of Islam and 9/11 as a new liminal temporality. The association of the religion with a new category of risks in
urban sites and the constant state of insecurity in seemingly secure spaces represents a new narrative phase of geo-politics
in which the locus of this re-imagining mediated through ICTs, is one that happens not just in faraway places but within the
‘ontological securities’ of Western modernity, posing a liquid threat which is impervious to territorially bounded spheres. 相似文献
124.
Researchers have argued that, depending on the framing of the Northern Ireland conflict, each group could either be a minority or a majority relative to the other. This complicates macrosocial explanations of the conflict which make specific predictions on the basis of minority or majority positions. The present paper argues that this conundrum may have arisen from the inherent variability in microidentity processes that do not fit easily with macroexplanations. In this paper the rhetoric of relative group position is analysed in political speeches delivered by leading members of an influential Protestant institution in Northern Ireland. It is apparent that minority and majority claims are not fixed but are flexibly used to achieve local rhetorical goals. Furthermore, the speeches differ before and after the Good Friday Agreement, with a reactionary "hegemonic" Unionist position giving way to a "majority-rights power sharing" argument and a "pseudo-minority" status giving way to a "disempowered minority" argument. These results suggest a view of the Northern Ireland conflict as a struggle for "symbolic power," i.e., the ability to flexibly define the intergroup situation to the ingroup's advantage. 相似文献
125.
析社会建构论心理学思想的四个层面 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从社会建构论心理学中萃取四个核心概念,各代表一个思想层面,以此结构出社会建构论心理学思想体系的概观:(1)批判:心理不是对客观现实的“反映”;(2)建构:心理是社会的建构;(3)话语:是社会借以实现建构的重要媒介;(4)互动:社会互动应取代个体内在心理结构和心理过程成为心理学研究的重心。 相似文献
126.
第二次认知革命与社会建构论的产生 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
第二次认知革命是后现代主义的革命。它的直接结果是促进了社会建构论的产生。社会建构论主张(1)知识是建构的,建构是社会的建构,而不是个体的建构。(2)人格、态度、情绪等心理现象并不存在于人的的内部,而是存在于人与人之间,是文化历史的产物。(3)语言并非是具有确定意义的透明的媒介,语言是先在的,规定了思维的方式。(4)没有超越历史和文化的普遍性知识,我们对于心理现象的理解是受时间、地域、历史、文化和社会风俗等制约的。(5)心理学家应该关注话语的作用,话语分析是心理学的基本研究方法。 相似文献
127.
精细阐述与先行信息激活水平的动态变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该研究运用窗口阅读及命名探测技术,对即时与延迟状态下合适与不合适背景信息的激活模式进行了探讨。被试阅读含有精细阐述错误信息的语篇,并对合适或不合适的探测词进行命名反应。结果发现,虽然即时条件下,受精细阐述的不合适探测词激活水平高于合适探测词,但当延迟时间为1500ms时,原有的激活模式发生了逆转。这种激活模式的变化主要是由于合适的背景信息随时程延长激活水平得到提升所致。 相似文献
128.
An analytical review of the current situation of Christian philosophyin Russia is presented, aiming to explain, why so much expectedrenaissance of this philosophy in the post-soviet period did nottake place. Russian philosophy is shown to be structurally a synthesis of the Western conceptual framework and Eastern Christian discourse,the latter being, in turn, the synthesis of patristic and asceticdiscourse, including two basic paradigms, deification (theosis)and sacralisation, and having energy as its dominant category.The key role of ascetic experience in Eastern Christian discourseis stressed. Topical problems related to the study of thisexperience, as well as concepts of energy and theosis, are discussed. 相似文献
129.
This paper offers a philosophical `history' of the nature of`public discourse' – a basic element of human rights. It beginswith Enlightenment views from Condorcet and Jefferson, turns to Dewey,and then to Habermas. Over a couple of centuries not only does thecentral character of discourse change but so too does the definition ofa public person. 相似文献
130.