职业使命感与免费师范生学业投入的影响：基于社会认知职业理论的视角

本研究以436名师范生为研究对象,采取社会认知职业理论（SCCT）为理论分析视角探讨了职业使命感对大学生学业投入的影响及其内在机制。结果表明：（1）职业使命感可以显著提高师范生的学业投入度;（2）职业结果期待和职业自我效能在职业使命感与学业投入之间起到部分中介作用;（3）职业使命感还可以通过职业结果期待、职业自我效能影响职业满意度,进而影响大学生的学业投入。最后,本研究对实践意义和研究局限进行了讨论。     

免费师范生的成就动机与职业兴趣相关研究

该研究以陕西师范大学的1349名大学生为样本,将成就动机的三个因素和职业兴趣六个因素综合起来加以考察,以揭示免费师范生的成就动机与职业兴趣之间的内在关系。结果表明：（1）免费师范生的成就动机水平低于大学生平均水平。非免费师范生的避免动机水平依次高于免费师范生和非师范生。（2）免费师范生的成就动机存在专业差异,职业兴趣存在性别和专业显著。（3）免费师范生的追求成功动机与职业兴趣的六个类型呈正相关,避免失败的动机与探索型、社会型和管理型星负相关。回归分析发现,追求成功和合成动机能够正向的预测社会型的职业兴趣。     

Neuropsychological test norms controlled for physical health: Does it matter?

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of physical health on neuropsychological test norms. Medical and neuropsychological data from 118 healthy volunteer controls, aged 26–91 years, were collected during five recruitment occasions. The examinations included a clinical investigation, brain neuroimaging, and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Test‐specific statistical regression‐weights for age, education and gender were calculated to establish preliminary test norms. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that control in addition for physical health moved best performance from age 60 to 65 for abstraction; replaced a plateau above age 70 for verbal fluency, with a continued rise in performance; eliminated significant negative influences of age on auditory learning, spatial reasoning and complex copying; reduced them on wordlist recall, psychomotor speed, visual scanning and mental shifting; and slightly reduced negative influences of low education on most verbal tests, several memory tests, and psychomotor speed, indicating rises in normative scores of up to 0.8 SD at age 80 and 0.4 SD at age 60. No differences were found at age 40. Although the sample size is not adequate to be used for normative data, the findings indicate that norms uncontrolled for health overestimate the negative influence of advanced age and low education, implying a risk of drawing false diagnostic conclusions.     

Eye Movements in Strategic Choice

In risky and other multiattribute choices, the process of choosing is well described by random walk or drift diffusion models in which evidence is accumulated over time to threshold. In strategic choices, level‐k and cognitive hierarchy models have been offered as accounts of the choice process, in which people simulate the choice processes of their opponents or partners. We recorded the eye movements in 2 × 2 symmetric games including dominance‐solvable games like prisoner's dilemma and asymmetric coordination games like stag hunt and hawk–dove. The evidence was most consistent with the accumulation of payoff differences over time: we found longer duration choices with more fixations when payoffs differences were more finely balanced, an emerging bias to gaze more at the payoffs for the action ultimately chosen, and that a simple count of transitions between payoffs—whether or not the comparison is strategically informative—was strongly associated with the final choice. The accumulator models do account for these strategic choice process measures, but the level‐k and cognitive hierarchy models do not. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

围手术期负荷剂量他汀对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的影响

为了探讨围手术期给予阿托伐他汀负荷剂量对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后对心血管事件的影响。选取因STEMI行急诊PCI术患者160例,其中80例于PCI术前给予阿托伐他汀负荷剂量40mg,80例术前未给予阿托伐他汀负荷剂量进行研究。分析两组患者住院期间肌酸激酶同工酶与超敏C反应蛋白值,PCI术后与术后1个月心功能情况。结果显示围手术期阿托伐他汀负荷剂量组主要心血管事件发生率优于非阿托伐他汀组（P〈0．05）。因此,围手术期给予负荷剂量的阿托伐他汀可以降低住院期间不良心血管事件的发生率,改善患者预后。     

留守儿童心理韧性的元分析

采用元分析的方法,探讨留守儿童与一般儿童心理韧性的差异及其调节变量。通过文献检索,共获得25篇文献和188个独立效应量（n=26784）。结果表明：留守儿童心理韧性显著低于一般儿童;具体来说,他们在积极认知、社会能力、家庭支持、家庭平等与自主、人际协助、教师关怀与同伴高期望维度上均显著低于一般儿童,而在同伴亲密关系维度上显著高于一般儿童。此外,人口学变量（性别、学龄段）和留守相关变量（打工者、监护者、团聚频率）影响留守儿童与一般儿童心理韧性的差异,测量工具不影响该差异。     

正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响——来自ERP的证据

选择性注意能够作用于视觉信息加工的不同阶段。各个注意阶段均受到老化过程的影响,其中注意早期阶段的老化研究对于理解认知老化的发生机制有重要意义。本文系统地梳理了刺激前的注意预期阶段以及刺激后200 ms内的早期感知注意阶段的正常老年人和青年人ERP比较研究,以探讨正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响。现有证据表明,相对于青年人,正常老年人：(1)多个早期ERP注意效应(包括注意预期ADAN,早期空间注意N1,以及特征注意SP和SN)在潜伏期上都存在显著延迟;(2)在振幅上,不同ERP注意效应的老化表现存在差异：某些ERP成分(包括注意预期EDAN,以及早期空间注意P1)的注意效应没有明显减弱,而某些ERP成分(包括注意预期alpha,早期空间注意N1,以及特征注意SN)的注意效应受到老化调控;(3)一些注意效应(包括特征注意SP成分,以及客体注意P1和N1成分)的目标增强机制保留,而干扰抑制机制缺损。目前已有研究在老化对注意效应振幅的调控上还存在不一致,这可能与研究的信噪比、任务难度、注意机制分离以及老年人的个体差异有关。未来研究应考虑这些因素以更好地探究正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响。     

What is being revealed in 2020?

The Covid-19 pandemic is exposing how humans have long related to nature, and revealing aspects of classism and racism that have long been ignored. Drawing on spiritual resources, such as Luther, might the polarizing, self versus other tendencies be overcome and the long pandemic rooted in economic class and racism more effectively addressed today? Can this result in a “new normal”?